JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Feb 2018
Meta AnalysisIntermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To examine the effectiveness of intermittent energy restriction in the treatment for overweight and obesity in adults, when compared to usual care treatment or no treatment. ⋯ Intermittent energy restriction may be an effective strategy for the treatment of overweight and obesity. Intermittent energy restriction was comparable to continuous energy restriction for short term weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Intermittent energy restriction was shown to be more effective than no treatment, however, this should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of studies and future research is warranted to confirm the findings of this review.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Jun 2017
Review Meta AnalysisExperiences of non-specialist nurses caring for patients and their significant others undergoing transitions during palliative end-of-life cancer care: a systematic review.
Non-specialist nurses, who are providing palliative end-of-life cancer care to patients and significant others undergoing psychosocial and existential transitions, may experience dissatisfaction, frustration and sorrow. On the other hand, they may also experience happiness, increased knowledge and personal growth. ⋯ The studies in this review provided useful and credible statements from non-specialist nurses working in non-specialist wards about their challenges when providing palliative end-of-life cancer care to patients and their significant others undergoing psychosocial and existential transitions.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Jul 2016
Review Meta AnalysisMultidisciplinary management of diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The increasing prevalence of diabetes poses significant challenges to healthcare systems around the world. Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is becoming a global health concern because it is a progressive disease associated with major health complications and increased health costs. The treatment goals for DKD are to slow the progression of the renal disease and prevent cardiovascular events. Accordingly, patients are expected to adhere to prescribed treatments and manage a wide range of daily self-care activities. Multidisciplinary management of chronic diseases, like diabetes and kidney disease, has been suggested as a means to improve patients' adherence to treatment and enhance health-related outcomes. This systematic review of multidisciplinary management of DKD is an important step in evaluating if such a management approach is effective in delaying disease progression. ⋯ Multidisciplinary management of DKD has the potential for improving glycemic control and thus preventing complications. Its effect on other clinical and patient-oriented outcomes, especially on delaying the progression of the disease through preserving and preventing the decline in kidney function, has yet to be determined. There is not enough evidence to recommend multidisciplinary management for preserving kidney function. Further studies are needed.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Feb 2016
Review Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of discharge interventions from hospital to home on hospital readmissions: a systematic review.
Many discharge interventions are developed to reduce unplanned hospital readmissions, but it is unclear which interventions are more effective. ⋯ Interventions designed to improve the care transition from hospital to home are effective in reducing hospital readmission. These interventions preferably start in the hospital and continue after discharge rather than starting after discharge. Enhancing patient empowerment is a key factor in reducing hospital readmissions.Interventions to reduce hospital readmissions should start during hospital stay and continue in the community (grade A recommendation). This requires financial systems to support and facilitate collaboration between hospitals and home care.Interventions that support patient empowerment are more effective in reducing hospital readmissions (grade B recommendation). To promote patient empowerment caregivers must be trained to increase patients' capacity to self-care.Future research should focus on interventions that improve patient empowerment and the effects of discharge interventions after more than three months.
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JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep · Sep 2015
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyEffectiveness of ketamine gargle in reducing postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing airway instrumentation: a systematic review.
Postoperative sore throat is a common, minor adverse event, second to postoperative nausea and vomiting, occurring in individuals undergoing general anesthesia. Postoperative sore throat has the potential to not only diminish patient satisfaction, but also increase the need for adjunct pain therapy in the post anesthesia care unit. Many techniques are utilized to reduce postoperative sore throat; however no one intervention has proven to be completely effective. The use of ketamine gargle is a novel intervention but the effectiveness of administering it prior to induction of general anesthesia is still uncertain. Therefore, further evaluation of current evidence is needed to determine the effectiveness of ketamine gargle in reducing the incidence of postoperative sore throat. ⋯ Additional research is needed to determine the systemic effects of ketamine gargle and whether other n-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists are effective in reducing postoperative sore throat. Future research should include previously excluded populations and expanded to include other methods of airway manipulation.