The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyActive monitoring, radical prostatectomy, or radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer: study design and diagnostic and baseline results of the ProtecT randomised phase 3 trial.
Prostate cancer is a major public health problem with considerable uncertainties about the effectiveness of population screening and treatment options. We report the study design, participant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the initial results of the testing and diagnostic phase of the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial, which aims to investigate the effectiveness of treatments for localised prostate cancer. ⋯ UK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyShort-term androgen suppression and radiotherapy versus intermediate-term androgen suppression and radiotherapy, with or without zoledronic acid, in men with locally advanced prostate cancer (TROG 03.04 RADAR): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 factorial trial.
We investigated whether 18 months of androgen suppression plus radiotherapy, with or without 18 months of zoledronic acid, is more effective than 6 months of neoadjuvant androgen suppression plus radiotherapy with or without zoledronic acid. ⋯ National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia, Abbott Pharmaceuticals Australia, New Zealand Health Research Council, New Zealand Cancer Society, University of Newcastle (Australia), Calvary Health Care (Calvary Mater Newcastle Radiation Oncology Fund), Hunter Medical Research Institute, Maitland Cancer Appeal, Cancer Standards Institute New Zealand.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of enzalutamide on time to first skeletal-related event, pain, and quality of life in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results from the randomised, phase 3 AFFIRM trial.
In the AFFIRM trial of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after progression with docetaxel treatment, enzalutamide significantly increased overall survival compared with placebo. Here we present the prospectively defined analyses of some secondary endpoints, including occurrence of skeletal-related events, measures of pain control, and patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL). ⋯ Astellas Pharma and Medivation.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2014
ReviewPathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of composite lymphomas.
In rare instances, two distinct lymphomas concurrently occur in a patient. Such composite lymphomas can be combinations of two non-Hodgkin lymphomas or a combination of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma and a Hodgkin's lymphoma. Composite lymphomas pose a particular diagnostic challenge, and there are currently no agreed standards for treatment. ⋯ This finding suggests a scenario in which the common premalignant precursor had acquired shared transforming events, and the two distinct lymphomas developed from descendants of that precursor after acquiring additional separate transforming events. Findings from molecular studies support this notion. Hence, clonally related composite lymphomas are elegant models to study the multistep transformation process in lymphomagenesis.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2014
ReviewGuidance on the management of diarrhoea during cancer chemotherapy.
Diarrhoea induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients is common, causes notable morbidity and mortality, and is managed inconsistently. Previous management guidelines were based on poor evidence and neglect physiological causes of chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea. In the absence of level 1 evidence from randomised controlled trials, we developed practical guidance for clinicians based on a literature review by a multidisciplinary team of clinical oncologists, dietitians, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, nurses, pharmacist, and a surgeon. ⋯ Adequate--and, if necessary, repeated--assessment, appropriate use of loperamide, and knowledge of fluid resuscitation requirements of affected patients is the second crucial step. Use of octreotide and seeking specialist advice early for patients who do not respond to treatment will reduce morbidity and mortality. In view of the burden of chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea, appropriate multidisciplinary research to assess meaningful endpoints is urgently required.