Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria
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The hair shaving in preparation for neurosurgery is frequently used in most of neurosurgical centers to perform craniotomy. We question about its necessity after our retrospective analysis of 640 patients undergoing cranial procedures without previous hair shaving. ⋯ In 7 cases with infection, 3 patients were undergoing to CSF shunts, 3 patients had head injury, and one had brain tumor. The technique for preparing skin and hair for cranial procedures, its advantages and disadvantages are described and discussed.
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In order to ascertain the blood flow velocities in the intracranial arteries we evaluated 73 preterm neonates during a period ranging from June 1994 to March 1999. These preterm infants were divided in two separate groups, 18 healthy and 55 with intracranial hemorrhage. They were subjected to sequential measurements of blood flow velocities in the intracranial arteries. ⋯ We also analyzed in a comparative method the values of the resistive index between the two groups of preterm infants observing their behaviour. The results obtained when comparing the RI values in the various arteries during the different stages of the study permitted us to conclude that the RI values of healthy pre-term infants were always larger than the RI values of pre-term infants with intracranial hemorrhage. We also conclude that the RI values in the healthy pre-term infants and in the pre-term infants with intracranial hemorrhages decreased progressively with the increasing age of neonates.
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We observed inpatients with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke hospitalized at least 24 hours. We investigated the reasons for early or late arrival to the Emergency Room, the time span from arrival to computed tomography (CT) scanning, factors associated to hospitalization time, and patients outcome. We concluded that people who are cared for by São Paulo Hospital now get to the hospital sooner than they did 3 years ago (47% arrived in 3 hours or less) and that the patient flow inside the hospital became much faster, once any stroke patient is considered now a medical emergency by the hospital staff. Infections were the main complications presented by our patients, which is leading us to optimize protocols to improve emergency care by all the staff.
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Case Reports
Disseminated tuberculosis in a pregnant woman presenting with numerous brain tuberculomas: case report.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has the pulmonary form as the most common presentation. Dissemination of the disease is common in immunocompromised patients, but immunodeficiency related to pregnancy severe enough to cause dissemination of the Mycobacteria is exceedingly rare. When dissemination occurs, any organ may be affected and in central nervous system, the infection presents as meningitis and single brain parenchyma tuberculomas. ⋯ The patient underwent a craniotomy with biopsy of the lesions confirming the diagnosis of brain tuberculomas. The three-drug regimen was started and the cranial CT scan performed a year after diagnosis showed no brain lesions. We emphasize the aggressive dissemination of the disease in this case associated with pregnancy and the importance of early diagnosis and institution of therapy resulting in regression of the lesions.
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Case Reports
Hoffman's syndrome: pseudohypertrophic myopathy as initial manifestation of hypothyroidism. Case report.
The frequency of myopathy in hypothyroidism ranges from 30 to 80%. The major symptoms related are weakness, muscular cramps and myalgia. The pseudohyperthrophic form is called Hoffman's syndrome. ⋯ We report an adult male who developed muscular cramps, myalgia, weakness, pseudohyperthrophy, associated with facial edema and alteration of his voice. The muscle enzymes were increased and T4 was undetectable with a raised level of TSH. The myopathy was the initial manifestation of hypothyroidism in this case.