Articles: opioid-analgesics.
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · Sep 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAlfentanil as procedural pain relief in newborn infants.
To assess the need for, and the suitability of, alfentanil for pain relief during tracheal suction used in assisted ventilation in newborn infants. ⋯ Tracheal suction is a painful procedure. The dose of alfentanil required for pain relief (20 micrograms/kg) causes a high incidence of rigidity and thus should be used only with muscle relaxant.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Sep 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing pethidine to metamizol for treatment of post-anaesthetic shivering.
1. Shivering is frequent during the post-anaesthetic recovery period, and there is no clear consensus about the best strategy for its treatment. We tested the efficacy of two commonly used analgesic drugs, pethidine and metamizol. 2. ⋯ Both drugs were well tolerated. 4. The persistence of shivering at 45 min in two thirds of placebo-treated patients indicates that drug treatment is worthwhile; metamizol produces a better postanaesthetic shivering response than placebo, especially 15 and 45 min after drug administration; the efficacy of pethidine was the highest and the response to it appeared more quickly; however, at 45 min it was similar to that observed with metamizol. 5. Both metamizol and pethidine suppress postanaesthetic shivering, but the latter induces a quicker and more reliable response.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Sep 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIs sufentanil a useful opioid for laryngomicroscopy?
Alfentanil is commonly used as opioid analgesic for short surgical procedures. Little is known about the usefulness of sufentanil for this purpose. We investigated the effects of alfentanil and sufentanil on haemodynamic characteristics, catecholamine levels, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol contents during elective laryngomicroscopy and short laryngeal surgery (LM). ⋯ Clinical recovery is achieved most rapidly with alfentanil in ultra short surgical procedures. However, if surgery is expected to be longer than about 12 min also sufentanil at a dose of 0.25 micrograms/kg seems to be useful for this kind of surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
An investigation of the potential morphine sparing effect of midazolam.
The effect of a bolus and continuous infusion of midazolam on postoperative morphine consumption was assessed in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomly allocated trial of 50 patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy. Patients in the trial group received a bolus dose of midazolam 5 mg.70 kg-1 at induction followed by an infusion at a rate of 1 mg.70 kg-1.h-1 over the next 48 h. Morphine consumption in the midazolam group was significantly lower in the first 12 h postoperatively (p < 0.02) but there was no significant difference between the two groups thereafter. ⋯ Also, a significantly greater number of patients in the midazolam group required no antiemetic medication over the 48 h study period (p < 0.05). Assessment of sedation revealed no significant difference between groups. We conclude that low dose midazolam has a significant, but short-lived, morphine sparing effect.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Intrathecal administration of morphine for elective Caesarean section. A comparison between 0.1 mg and 0.2 mg.
This study compared the quality of analgesia and incidence of adverse effects with two doses of intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. Fifty patients were randomly allocated to receive either morphine 0.1 mg or 0.2 mg in addition to a standard intrathecal dose of 2.5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% in 8% dextrose. ⋯ Fewer patients in the 0.1 mg morphine group experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting (7 versus 14, p < 0.05). We conclude that the use of 0.1 mg morphine intrathecally produces comparable analgesia to 0.2 mg after Caesarean section with significantly less nausea and vomiting.