Articles: propylene-glycols.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of endotracheal tube lubrication on cuff pressure increase during nitrous oxide exposure: a laboratory and prospective randomized controlled trial.
We previously demonstrated that lubrication of an endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff with K-Y™ jelly strongly and significantly inhibited the increase in cuff pressure during nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure in vitro. However, in our previous study, we identified critical differences between some influential factors, such as the amount of lubricant retained on the cuff, and studied temperature differences between laboratory and clinical conditions. Therefore, it remained unclear whether this effect holds true in clinical settings. ⋯ Lubrication of the ETT cuff with K-Y™ jelly may delay the increase in cuff pressure during general anaesthesia with N2O. However, the clinical significance of this effect may be limited.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A Randomised Clinical Trial Comparing the Effects of Antitussives on Respiratory Centre Output in Patients with Chronic Cough.
Cough is produced by the same neuronal pool implicated in respiratory rhythm generation, and antitussive drugs acting at the central level, such as opioids, may depress ventilation. Levodropropizine is classified as a nonopioid peripherally acting antitussive drug that acts at the level of airway sensory nerves. However, the lack of a central action by levodropropizine remains to be fully established. We set out to compare the effects of levodropropizine and the opioid antitussive agent dihydrocodeine on the respiratory responses to a conventional CO2 rebreathing test in patients with chronic cough of any origin. ⋯ The results are consistent with a peripheral action by levodropropizine; the assessment of ventilatory responses to CO2 may represent a useful tool to investigate the central respiratory effects of antitussive agents.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Randomized trial of vaccination in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.
To evaluate immune responses in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) against influenza vaccine (to test for responses against anticipated novel antigens in seronegative patients) and recall (tetanus toxoid [TT] booster dose) antigens. ⋯ This study provides Class I evidence that in some patients with MS receiving immunizations, concurrent fingolimod treatment in comparison to placebo decreases vaccination-induced immune responses.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Fingolimod has shown reductions in clinical and MRI disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. We further assessed the efficacy and safety of fingolimod in such patients. ⋯ Novartis Pharma AG.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Observational Study
Fingolimod (FTY720) therapy in Japanese patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis over 12 months: results of a phase 2 observational extension.
A 6-month phase 2 study of fingolimod demonstrated efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we report a 6-month observational extension that evaluated efficacy and safety in patients who received fingolimod continuously for 12 months or who switched from placebo to fingolimod. ⋯ Continuous fingolimod treatment for up to 12 months was associated with maintained or improved efficacy and a manageable safety profile, consistent with that previously seen. Results in a small number of patients suggest lack of benefit in AQP4 antibody-positive patients. Meaningful statistical interpretation was limited by the small sample size in each treatment group, owing to the number of patients who completed the core study.