Articles: propylene-glycols.
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Toxic alcohol ingestion is a rare but serious condition that carries with it a high rate of morbidity and mortality. ⋯ An understanding of toxic alcohol ingestion can assist emergency clinicians in diagnosing and managing this potentially deadly disease.
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This article reviews the background, metabolism, clinical effects, and treatment of toxic alcohols, specifically ethylene glycol, methanol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. This article also reviews the importance of an anion gap metabolic acidosis in relation to toxic alcohols and explores both the utility and the limitations of the osmol gap in patient management.
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Case Reports
Propylene glycol toxicity from compulsive corn starch ingestion: A case report and review.
Propylene glycol (PG) is usually considered safe, however, toxicity can develop with high doses or when used for prolonged periods of time. PG can be found in some medications as well as some food products. We report a case of likely PG toxicity that occurred after compulsive daily ingestion of large amounts of corn starch. ⋯ PG causes toxicity through metabolism to lactic acid. While there are small amounts in food products and medications, under the right circumstances, PG can accumulate and lead to significant toxicity.
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This article reviews the background, metabolism, clinical effects, and treatment of toxic alcohols, specifically ethylene glycol, methanol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. This article also reviews the importance of an anion gap metabolic acidosis in relation to toxic alcohols and explores both the utility and the limitations of the osmole gap in patient management.
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Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. · Dec 2020
E-cigarette constituents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin decrease glucose uptake and its metabolism in airway epithelial cells in vitro.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems, or e-cigarettes, utilize a liquid solution that normally contains propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) to generate vapor and act as a carrier for nicotine and flavorings. Evidence indicated these "carriers" reduced growth and survival of epithelial cells including those of the airway. We hypothesized that 3% PG or PG mixed with VG (3% PG/VG, 55:45) inhibited glucose uptake in human airway epithelial cells as a first step to reducing airway cell survival. ⋯ We propose that this was a result of PG/VG reduced cell volume and membrane fluidity, with further consequences on epithelial barrier function. Taking these results together, we suggest these factors contribute to reduced defensive properties of the epithelium. We propose that repeated/chronic exposure to these agents are likely to contribute to airway damage in e-cigarette users.