Articles: malaria-complications.
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Infectious diseases may affect brain function and cause encephalopathy even when the pathogen does not directly infect the central nervous system, known as infectious disease-associated encephalopathy. The systemic inflammatory process may result in neuroinflammation, with glial cell activation and increased levels of cytokines, reduced neurotrophic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neurotransmitter metabolism imbalances, and neurotoxicity, and behavioral and cognitive impairments often occur in the late course. Even though infectious disease-associated encephalopathies may cause devastating neurologic and cognitive deficits, the concept of infectious disease-associated encephalopathies is still under-investigated; knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, which may be distinct from those of encephalopathies of non-infectious cause, is still limited. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of encephalopathies associated with peripheral (sepsis, malaria, influenza, and COVID-19), emerging therapeutic strategies, and the role of neuroinflammation.
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African health sciences · Mar 2021
Case ReportsNeurological manifestations following cured malaria: don't forget post-malaria neurological syndrome.
Cerebral malaria which occurs during the active infection is the most common neurological complication of malaria. Other complications including post-malaria neurological syndrome (PMNS) can rarely occur following complete recovery from the disease. We report a case of post-malaria neurological syndrome in a Tunisian patient. ⋯ PMNS should be considered in patients with neurological symptoms occurring within two months of cured acute disease in which blood smears for malaria are negative and other etiologies have been ruled out. In most cases, the disease is self-limited while in severe cases corticosteroid therapy should be prescribed with favorable outcome.
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Malaria and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
Malaria is associated with Burkitt lymphoma among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. No longitudinal studies have assessed the long-term risk of other lymphoma or cancer overall. Here, we investigated the risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer after malaria. ⋯ Individuals born in malaria-endemic areas and diagnosed with malaria in Sweden had an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms, especially B cell lymphoma. There was no association with cancer overall nor did single malaria episodes confer an increased risk in travellers.
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Critical care medicine · Sep 2020
Endothelial Activation, Acute Kidney Injury, and Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Severe Malaria.
Evaluate the relationship between endothelial activation, malaria complications, and long-term cognitive outcomes in severe malaria survivors. ⋯ These data support angiopoietin-2 as a measure of disease severity and a risk factor for long-term cognitive injury in children with severe malaria.
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Case Reports
Intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygen neuromonitoring in pediatric cerebral malaria.
Pediatric cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum that often leaves survivors with severe neurologic impairment. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) as a result of cerebral edema has been identified as a major predictor of morbidity and mortality in CM. Past studies have demonstrated that survivors are more likely to have resolution of elevated ICP and that efficient management of ICP crises may lead to better outcomes. However, data on invasive brain tissue oxygen monitoring are unknown. ⋯ Multimodality neuromonitoring may be considered in pediatric patients who have cerebral edema and encephalopathy from CM.