Articles: dapsone.
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Klinische Pädiatrie · Sep 2001
Review[Guidelines for Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis in Children and Adolescents with Cancer].
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in children and adolescents with cancer. Its high frequency and a considerable mortality have led to primary chemoprophylaxis in patients with hematological malignancies and following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although less well characterized, patients with autologous stem cell transplantation and patients with dose-intensive chemotherapy for pediatric solid tumors may have a similarly high risk for PCP based on their profound T-cell depletion. ⋯ Secondary alternatives to TMP/SMX include oral dapsone, oral atovaquone, and aerosolized pentamidine-isethionate. These modalities are less effective than TMP/SMX, and have been evaluated predominantly in HIV-infected patients. This article reviews epidemiology and current approaches to chemoprophylaxis for PCP in children and adolescents with cancer and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and provides evidence-based guidelines for indications and modalities of PCP prophylaxis in this population.
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There has been an increase in the reports of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) in the past few years, coinciding with the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) for leprosy world-wide. The exact cause of this phenomenon is not clear. ⋯ Introduction of MDT in 1982 has not only decreased the prevalence of leprosy but also brought about a positive change in the attitude of people which increased the voluntary reporting of leprosy patients. This, coupled with improvements in organization of leprosy control and awareness among medical personnel of DHS, are probably the most important reasons for the increased reporting of DHS in recent years.
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Ugeskrift for laeger · Jan 2001
Case Reports[Respiratory insufficiency caused by dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia].
We present a case of pneumonia and dapsone-induced methaemoglobinaemia. Methaemoglobinaemia leads to impaired delivery of oxygen to tissue. In our patient we observed that methaemoglobin interferes with the accuracy of pulse oximeter data. The patient was successfully treated with methylene blue, which converts methaemoglobin back to haemoglobin.
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Indian J Gastroenterol · Apr 2000
Case ReportsDapsone hypersensitivity syndrome with coexisting acute hepatitis E.
A 14-year-old girl presented with fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, skin rash and hepatitis after starting dapsone. All abnormalities reversed with institution of prednisolone therapy after discontinuation of dapsone. The hepatic involvement was of hepatocellular type; it was associated with IgM anti-HEV antibodies, suggesting coexisting acute hepatitis E. We believe a causal link between the hepatotrophic viruses and dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome could exist.