Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Review Comparative Study
Autologous and acrylic cranioplasty: a review of 10 years and 258 cases.
Cranioplasty is a well-accepted neurosurgical procedure that has application to a wide range of pathologies. Given the varied need for both autologous and synthetic cranial grafts, it is important to establish rates of procedural complication. ⋯ Cranioplasty carries a significant risk of infection and postoperative hematoma. In this large series comparing autologous and acrylic flaps, male patients, tumor patients, and those undergoing surgery at the county hospital were at increased risk of postoperative infection. Among traumatic brain injury cases, complex injuries and cases with surgical involvement of the frontal sinus may portend a higher risk.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Aug 2014
ReviewALTERATION IN SYNAPTIC JUNCTION PROTEINS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Extensive research and scientific efforts have been focused on the elucidation of the pathobiology of cellular and axonal damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Conversely, few studies have specifically addressed the issue of synaptic dysfunction. ⋯ A Synapse Protein Database on synapse ontology identified 109 domains implicated in synaptic activities and over 5000 proteins, but few of these demonstrated to play a role in the synaptic dysfunction after TBI. These proteins are involved in neuroplasticity and neuromodulation and, most importantly, may be used as novel neuronal markers of TBI for specific intervention.
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Experimental neurology · Aug 2014
Review Comparative StudyIs neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord different than in the brain? Examining intrinsic differences between the brain and spinal cord.
The field of neuroimmunology is rapidly advancing. There is a growing appreciation for heterogeneity, both in inflammatory composition and region-specific inflammatory responses. This understanding underscores the importance of developing targeted immunomodulatory therapies for treating neurological disorders. ⋯ The question therefore remains as to whether inflammatory cells responding to spinal cord vs. brain injury adopt similar functions and are therefore amenable to common therapies. In this review, we address this question while revisiting and modernizing the conclusions from publications that have directly compared inflammation across brain and spinal cord injuries. By examining molecular differences, anatomical variations, and inflammatory cell phenotypes between the injured brain and spinal cord, we provide insight into how neuroinflammation relates to neurotrauma and into fundamental differences between the brain and spinal cord.
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Clin Neurol Neurosurg · Aug 2014
ReviewChemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in traumatic brain injury: a review and evidence-based protocol.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a recognized source of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI). While traumatic brain injury is a recognized risk factor for the development of VTE, its presence complicates the decision to begin anticoagulation due to fear of exacerbating the intracranial hemorrhagic injury. ⋯ The review reveals robust evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of chemoprophylaxis in the setting of TBI following demonstration of a stable intracranial injury. In light of this data, a protocol is assembled that, in the absence of predetermined exclusion criteria, will initiate chemoprophylaxis within 24h after the demonstration of a stable intracranial injury by computed tomography (CT).
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Knowledge of relevant anatomy and underlying mechanisms of traumatic injury is essential for understanding the radiologic findings in craniofacial trauma and their clinical importance. Craniofacial anatomy is diverse, and as a result of this anatomic diversity, physicians from numerous different specialties scrutinize similar imaging sets, looking for different pathologic abnormalities within the same anatomic regions. Radiologists familiar with the chief concerns of this anatomically diverse region can help expedite the decision-making process by keeping those concerns in mind when they report their findings. This review provides an overview of situations wherein surgical management may be indicated.