Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) represent a significant percentage of critical injuries in military conflicts. Following injury, wounded warfighters are often subjected to multiple aeromedical evacuations (AE) and associated hypobaria, yet the impact in TBI patients remains to be characterized. This study evaluated the impact of two consecutive simulated AEs in a fluid-percussion TBI model in swine to characterize these effects. ⋯ Aeromedical evacuation in swine was not associated with significant differences in physiologic measures, cytokine expression or levels of neuronal degeneration. Histological examination revealed higher risk of meningeal inflammatory response and leucocytosis in swine exposed to hypobaria.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young adults and the main cause of mortality and disability across all ages worldwide. We previously analyzed the expression profile data of TBI models obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and found that the seripina3n mRNA was markedly upregulated in the acute phase of TBI in four mRNA expression profile data sets, indicating that serpina3n may be involved in the pathophysiological process of TBI. Therefore, we further investigated the biological role and molecular mechanism of serpina3n in traumatic brain injury in this study. ⋯ With the inactivation of NE, even if serpina3n was silenced, the disruption of the BBB was not further aggravated. In vitro experiments further proved that recombinant serpina3n dose-dependently inhibited the activity of recombinant NE. Based on the above, this study demonstrated that the endogenous level of sepina3n was significantly elevated in the cortex around the contusion sit after TBI in mice, which reduced the secondary blood-brain barrier disruption by inhibiting the activity of neutrophil elastase.
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Blast-related traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a significant cause of wartime morbidity and mortality. In recent decades, thermobaric explosives have emerged as particularly devastating weapons associated with bTBI. With recent documentation of the use of these weapons in the war in Ukraine, clinicians and laypersons alike could benefit from an improved understanding behind the dynamic interplay between explosive weaponry, its potential for bTBI, and the subsequent long-term consequences of these injuries. ⋯ In addition to the short-term damage, patients with bTBIs can present with long-term symptoms (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder), which incur substantial financial costs and social consequences. Although these results are jarring, history has seen radical advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of bTBI. Moving forward, a better understanding of the mechanism and long-term sequelae of bTBIs could help guide humanitarian relief to those affected by the war in Ukraine.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2022
The impact of high fat consumption on neurological functions following a traumatic brain injury in rats.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and obesity are two common conditions in modern society; both can impair neuronal integrity and neurological function. However, it is unclear whether the coexistence of both conditions will worsen outcomes. Therefore, in a rat model, we aimed to investigate whether the coexistence of TBI and a high-fat diet (HFD) has an additive effect, leading to more severe neurological impairments, and whether they are related to changes in brain protein markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity. ⋯ In rats without TBI, HFD increased the pre-synaptic protein synaptophysin. In rats with TBI, HFD resulted in worsened sensory and memory function, an increase in activated macrophages, and a decrease in the endogenous antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Our findings suggest that the additive effect of HFD and TBI worsens short term memory and sensation deficits, and may be driven by enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Poor societal attitudes and inadequate law enforcement have greatly contributed to the increase in underage motorcycle driving in Pakistan. This study reports the burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI), clinical characteristics/outcomes, and reason for driving in underage motorcyclists. ⋯ Most underage patients with TBI resulting from motorcycle driving are adolescent boys who do not use helmets. Trauma prevention systems and involvement of multiple stakeholders are needed to reduce underage driving. Efficient referral systems must transport patients to appropriate neurosurgical cover, which is lacking outside major cities.