Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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To systematically identify risk factors for the development of post-traumatic headache (PTH) attributed to traumatic brain injury (TBI) as defined in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). ⋯ We found that there is little evidence for any risk factors involved in the development of acute PTH, whereas no study had assessed risk factors for the development of persistent PTH. Further studies are warranted and should be powered to examine possible risk factors for the development of PTH. Rigorous methodology and standardized monitoring should be prioritized to support high-quality research and validate potential findings.
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Severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a principal cause of neurologic dysfunction and death in the pediatric population. After medical management, the second-tier treatment is decompressive craniectomy in cases of intractable intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation. This literature review offers evidence of early (within 24 hours) and ultraearly (6-12 hours) decompressive craniectomy as an effective form of management for severe TBI in the pediatric population. ⋯ Early (within 24 hours), with consideration of ultraearly (within 6-12 hours), decompressive craniectomy for severe TBI should be offered to pediatric patients in settings with refractory ICP elevation. Reduction of ICP allows for prompt disruption of pathophysiologic cascades and improved neurologic outcomes.
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Post traumatic epilepsy （PTE） is a serious complication of traumatic brain injury and a difficult problem in forensic justice practice. In recent years, many biomarkers have been applied to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of injuries and diseases. There have been many studies on the biomarkers of PTE in the field of epilepsy. This paper reviews the progress in research on biomarkers of PTE in recent years in order to provide reference for the forensic identification of PTE.
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Headache is a common complication of traumatic brain injury. The International Headache Society defines post-traumatic headache as a secondary headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head that develops within seven days following trauma. Acute post-traumatic headache resolves after 3 months, but persistent post-traumatic headache usually lasts much longer and accounts for 4% of all secondary headache disorders. ⋯ The clinical features of post-traumatic headache after traumatic brain injury resemble various types of primary headaches and the most frequent are migraine-like or tension-type-like phenotypes. The neuroimaging studies that have compared persistent post-traumatic headache and migraine found different structural and functional brain changes, although migraine and post-traumatic headache may be clinically similar. Therapy of various clinical phenotypes of post-traumatic headache almost entirely mirrors the therapy of the corresponding primary headache and are currently based on expert opinion rather than scientific evidence. Pharmacologic therapies include both abortive and prophylactic agents with prophylaxis targeting comorbidities, especially impaired sleep and post-traumatic disorder. There are also effective options for non-pharmacologic therapy of post-traumatic headache, including cognitive-behavioral approaches, onabotulinum toxin injections, life-style considerations, etc. CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding some phenotypic similarities, persistent post-traumatic headache after traumatic brain injury, is considered a separate phenomenon from migraine but available data is inconclusive. High-quality studies are further required to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of this secondary headache, in order to identify new targets for treatment and to prevent disability.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMagnetoencephalography for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are leading causes of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits in the general population, active-duty military personnel, and veterans. However, the underlying pathophysiology of mTBI/PTSD and the mechanisms that support functional recovery for some, but not all individuals is not fully understood. Conventional MR imaging and computed tomography are generally negative in mTBI and PTSD, so there is interest in the development of alternative evaluative strategies. Of particular note are magnetoencephalography (MEG) -based methods, with mounting evidence that MEG can provide sensitive biomarkers for abnormalities in mTBI and PTSD.