Articles: disease.
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The complement system is recognised as a protector against blood-borne pathogens and a controller of immune system and tissue homoeostasis. However, dysregulated complement activity is associated with unwanted or non-resolving immune responses and inflammation, which induce or exacerbate the pathogenesis of a broad range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. ⋯ Increased understanding of complement biology has led to the identification of novel targets for drug development that, in combination with advances in drug discovery and development technologies, has resulted in a surge of interest in bringing new complement therapeutics into clinical use. The rising number of approved drugs still almost exclusively target rare diseases, but the substantial pipeline of up-and-coming treatment options will possibly provide opportunities to also expand the clinical targeting of complement to common diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of aldosterone synthase inhibition with and without empagliflozin for chronic kidney disease: a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial.
Excess aldosterone accelerates chronic kidney disease progression. This phase 2 clinical trial assessed BI 690517, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, for efficacy, safety, and dose selection. ⋯ Boehringer Ingelheim.
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Review Case Reports
Ileal perforation involvement in Wegener granulomatosis comorbid with COVID-19 infection: A case report and review of the literature.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systematic autoimmune disease. The typical clinical involvement of GPA entails the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and the kidneys. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is uncommon and unless detected and treated promptly, may lead to life-threatening complications such as perforation. We aim to review all available publications since the first description in 1982 dealing with GI perforation in patients with Wegener granulomatosis and draw attention to this serious situation. ⋯ GI perforation is rare in GPA but severe complication. Consequently, we recommend that early diagnosis and treatment with steroid hormones and immunosuppressants for GPA patients with GI perforation.
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Review Case Reports
Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome and knee osteoarthritis: A case report and a literature review.
Klippel Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by wine staining, varicose veins, bone hypertrophy, and soft tissue hyperplasia. KTS usually occurs at birth, early infancy or childhood. The rarity of disease makes it difficult to calculate its incidence rate. However, few studies report the incidence rate of 2 to 5 cases per 100 thousand. Furthermore, evidence demonstrates that KTS is more prevalent among males compared to females. ⋯ For patients with KTS, total knee arthroplasty is an effective surgical procedure to treat arthritis. However, some risks must be considered, and appropriate surgical preparation must be undertaken.
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Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive endocrine malignancy. Although surgery can cure localized disease, but the majority of patients experience recurrence of ACC. The 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic ACC is <15%, and the prognosis is poor. ⋯ Aberrantly expressed ncRNAs have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of ACC. Here, we summarized the expression patterns and the molecular mechanism of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ACC development. To explore the clinical value of ncRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers of ACC, we also displayed the relationship between the expression level of ncRNAs and the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with ACC.