Articles: disease.
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Observational Study
Clinical application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with different organ system infection: A retrospective observational study.
Microbiological identification is essential for appropriate treatment, but conventional methods are time-consuming and have a low sensitivity. In contrast, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a culture-free and hypothesis-free technique that can detect a wide array of potential pathogens. This study aimed to reveal the overall diagnostic value of mNGS for infectious diseases of different organ systems and compare the sensitivity and specificity of mNGS with conventional methods. ⋯ There were positive results in 56 cases (54.26%) only by mNGS and 4 cases (4.26%) were positive only by culture. There were significant differences in sensitivity of pathogen detection between of ID and NID group for mNGS (χ2 = 10.461, P = .001)and conventional methods(χ2 = 7.963, P = .005). The positive predictive values and negative predictive values of diagnosing infectious disease by mNGS were 94.12% and 30.77%, respectively. mNGS increased the sensitivity rate by approximately 53.66% compared with that of culture (78.05% vs24.39%; χ2 = 47.248, P < .001) and decreased the specificity rate by 12.5% compared with that of culture (66.67% vs 100.0%; χ2 = 4.8, P = .028). mNGS can identify emerging or rare pathogen and further guide treatment regimens. mNGS has advantages in identifying overall pathogens and bacteria, however, there was no obvious advantage in identifying fungi, virus and tuberculosis. mNGS has higher specificity than conventional methods in identifying pathogens and advantages in detecting emerging or rare pathogens.
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Case Reports
Adalimumab induced exacerbation of psoriasis in patients with combined pemphigus: A case report.
Psoriasis is an immune-related disease caused by genetic factors, abnormalities in the immune system and environmental factors, while pemphigus is an autoimmune disease caused by the autoimmune system attacking the skin and mucosal tissues. Herein, we aimed to report a rare case of adalimumab induced exacerbation of psoriasis patients with pemphigus. The rare disease causes considerable challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. ⋯ Methylprednisolone combined with cyclosporine may be an option in treating patients with psoriasis patients with pemphigus.
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Pyroptosis plays a key role in the death of cells including cardiomyocytes, and it is associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is not well characterized. This study aimed to identify key biomarkers and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of the PRGs in HCM. ⋯ Moreover, we also elucidated the interaction network of these biomarkers with the miRNA network and known compounds, respectively. RT-PCR/WB results indicated that PTPN11 expression was significantly increased, and IRAK3 and ANXA2 expressions were significantly decreased in HCM. This study identified PTPN11, IRAK3, and ANXA2 as pyroptosis-associated biomarkers of HCM, with the potential to reveal the development and pathogenesis of HCM and could be potential therapeutic targets.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Therapy Guided by Measurable Residual Disease.
The combination of ibrutinib and venetoclax has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as compared with chemoimmunotherapy. Whether ibrutinib-venetoclax and personalization of treatment duration according to measurable residual disease (MRD) is more effective than fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) is unclear. ⋯ MRD-directed ibrutinib-venetoclax improved progression-free survival as compared with FCR, and results for overall survival also favored ibrutinib-venetoclax. (Funded by Cancer Research UK and others; FLAIR ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN01844152; EudraCT number, 2013-001944-76.).