Articles: disease.
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Internal medicine journal · Mar 2023
ReviewHow toxic is an old friend? A review of the safety of hydroxychloroquine in clinical practice.
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its close relative chloroquine (CQ) were initially used as antimalarial agents but are now widely prescribed in rheumatology, dermatology and immunology for the management of autoimmune diseases. HCQ is considered to have a better long-term safety profile than CQ and is therefore more commonly used. ⋯ Debate around toxicity of HCQ in COVID-19 has challenged those who regularly prescribe HCQ to discuss its potential toxicities. Accordingly, we have reviewed the adverse effect profile of HCQ to provide guidance about this therapeutic agent in clinical practice.
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Revista médica de Chile · Mar 2023
Review Case Reports[Primary testicular NK/T cell lymphoma. Case report and review of literature].
Natural killer/T cell lymphomas chiefly involving the midline facial structures including the nasal cavity or nasopharyns are a relatively rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Apart from the upper respiratory tract, the disease occasionally presents in certain extranodal sites, such as the central nervous system, skin, gastrointestinal tract, or testes. We report a case of natural killer NK/T cell lymphoma as a testicular tumor in a 36-year-old man with a history of progressive swelling of his right testicle. ⋯ There were no abnormal findings in the nasal and nasopharyngeal regions. Classified as stage IEA, the patient received involved-field irradiation to contralateral testis (45 Gy), followed by systemic chemotherapy with a combination regimen ofL-asparaginase, methotrexate and dexamethasone. Relevant literature is reviewed, and the clinicopathologic features, natural history, and treatment options for primary testicular NK/T cell lymphoma are discussed.
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Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk for end-stage renal disease and heart failure, contributing to premature death. All these 3 events are inter-related, suggesting common risk factors and/or pathophysiological pathways. The SURDIAGENE (SUrvie Rénale DIAbète et GENEtique) cohort is a single center hospital-based cohort of persons living with type 2 diabetes, recruiting participants at Poitiers university hospital, France, from 2002 to 2011 with further follow-up till 2015. ⋯ Interestingly, the incidence of renal event was lower than the incidence of all-cause death in all KDIGO stages, at variance with the data from recent renal outcome trials on SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone. We conclude that KDIGO stages should be considered for renal but also for HFH risk classification. The analysis of the respective incidence of renal events and deaths in observational studies and RCTs deserves further evaluation in type 2 diabetes.
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Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Universal access to vaccination, besides improved health outcomes, would substantially reduce VPD-related out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated financial risks. This paper aims to estimate the extent of OOP expenditures and the magnitude of the associated catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for selected VPDs in Ethiopia. ⋯ The OOP expenditures induced by VPDs are substantial in Ethiopia and disproportionately impact those with low income and those requiring inpatient care. Expanding equitable access to vaccines cannot be overemphasized, for both health and economic reasons. Such realization requires the government's commitment toward increasing and sustaining vaccine financing in Ethiopia.