Articles: disease.
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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% of all breast cancers and is characterized by more aggressive biology, significant disease heterogeneity, and worse clinical outcomes. In recent years, improved understanding of TNBC tumor biology and its heterogeneity have led to the identification of new molecular targets, opening avenues for novel treatment strategies. Clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and antibody drug conjugates have shown improvement in clinical outcomes, leading to their incorporation to the treatment options available for patients with TNBC. This review aimed to provide the internal medicine specialist and primary care provider with a comprehensive overview of the current systemic therapy approaches for TNBC and introduce clinicians to novel therapies that have recently been added to the treatment armamentarium against this disease.
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Review Case Reports
Unveiling Balantidium coli: A rare protozoan causing a series of cases of dysentery in Rajasthan and review of literature.
Balantidium coli is the largest, uncommon, and only ciliate parasite that infects humans and is more common in tropics and subtropical regions. It is mostly asymptomatic, but can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain and sometimes leads to perforation of the colon. It is harbored in animals, particularly among pigs in hotter environments and monkeys in the jungles. ⋯ Retrieval of rare parasites was possible only because of prompt stool transport and its early processing. There are only few previous reports regarding the pediatric cases of balantidiasis, and there is a little information about its clinical signs and treatment. Here, we report a case series of B. coli infection presenting as an acute diarrheal disease from Rajasthan.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Oct 2024
Case Reports[Emergence of a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis through inadequate treatment of isoniazid monoresistance].
We admitted a 65-year-old patient with suspected reactivation of a pulmonary tuberculosis for further diagnosis. ⋯ Treating tuberculosis, considering drug resistances is crucial. To avoid ineffective therapy, molecular diagnostic methods are recommended, however, cultural testing remains essential. Diagnostic latency, rising rates of drug resistances and lengthy treatment courses contribute to the complexity of treatment. In Germany, specialized outpatient clinics are available since 2014 for diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases, even in the event of mere suspicion.
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Chronic respiratory failure is a common cause of ventilator dependence in the intensive care unit (ICU). The causes of chronic respiratory failure include primary disease or complications, such as ICU-acquired weakness. Traditional practice requires patients to remain immobile and bedridden; however, recent evidence suggests that early adequate exercise promotes recovery without increasing risks. In this study, we explored the efficacy of planned progressive abdominal sandbag training in promoting the successful withdrawal of patients with chronic respiratory failure from mechanical ventilation. ⋯ Abdominal sandbag training may be beneficial for patients dependent on a ventilator. The training improves the function of the diaphragm muscle, thereby increasing tidal volume and reducing the respiratory rate and rapid shallow breathing index, thus facilitating withdrawal from ventilation. This training approach may also improve the thickness and motion of the diaphragm and the rate of ventilator detachment.
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Several risk factors for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have been identified; however, the recurrence rate of PUD remains high even with standard ulcer treatments. High cholesterol levels have been proposed as a risk factor for PUD, but clinical evidence remains limited. Therefore, this database study investigated whether hyperlipidemia increases PUD risk and whether antihyperlipidemic drugs reduce this risk. ⋯ Hyperlipidemia is associated with a higher risk of PUD, which can be reduced through the administration of antihyperlipidemic drugs with or without red yeast rice prescriptions.