Articles: pediatrics.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1976
Comparative StudyAdvantages of infant ventilators over adapted adult ventilators in pediatrics.
A lung simulator with variable compliance and resistance components was used to evaluate the dynamic compliance of the Bournes, Babybird, and Pediatric Emerson postoperative ventilators. With increase in airway pressure from combined changes in compliance and resistance, the internal compliance of the Bournes was lowest and the internal compliance of the Emerson was highest. ⋯ With constant lung compliance (10 ml/cm H2O) and increasing airway resistance, the Babybird had marked volume losses at higher volumes. Under all simulated conditions, internal compliance of the Emerson, although large, was relatively constant and the Bournes had the smallest internal compliance.
-
Historical Article
Reared in adversity: institutional care of children in the 18th century.
The earliest public pediatric care of the 18th century in this country took the form of "outdoor relief." Institutional care followed, first almshouses were built; then orphanages, hospitals, and dispensaries. Almshouses not only included workhouses but provided comprehensive medical services. Throughout the 18th century, people often referred to the almshouses as hospitals. ⋯ By the middle of this 20th century, practically all of them had been absorbed by hospitals. In these institutions, pediatric knowledge advanced and medical manpower developed even during the 18th century. By the end of that century, social movements began from which evolved the 19th-century concern for the welfare of children.
-
The management of pediatric cardiac surgery patients at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital is described. The physical therapy program includes education and treatment which is intended to 1) reduce surgical risk by decreasing preoperative pulmonary congestion, 2) reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and length of hospitalization, and 3) improve patient and family understanding and cooperation. The program includes a self-instructional package presented by a children's puppet. The package prepares the patient for the events ahead, including the physical therapy program and prospectively frightening aspects of intensive care.