Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Sevoflurane versus halothane for general anesthesia in pediatric patients: a comparative study of vital signs, induction, and emergence.
To compare vital signs and the speed of induction and emergence with sevoflurane versus halothane in pediatric patients. ⋯ Induction of and emergence from anesthesia was faster with sevoflurane than halothane. Airway complications were low in both groups. Vital signs were more stable with sevoflurane during induction through intubation, and were comparable during maintenance. Sevoflurane is an excellent drug for inhalational induction in pediatric patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of chewing gum on gastric content prior to induction of general anesthesia.
To study the effects on gastric content and subjective well being of chewing gum in the immediate preoperative period, 60 female nonsmokers were randomized to use regular, sugar-free chewing gum preoperatively or to continue the overnight fast. In a similar fashion 44 habitual smokers were randomized to use nicotine gum 2 mg or not. Nonsmokers using chewing gum had significantly larger gastric fluid volumes than controls (mean 30 +/- 19 mL vs 20 +/- 15 mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference 1-19 mL; P = 0.03), with no difference in gastric fluid acidity. ⋯ Although the use of nicotine gum in smokers was associated with a reduction in dryness of the mouth, thirst, and irritability, nonsmokers chewing regular gum did not report significant improvements in patient well being. In habitual smokers unable to abstain from nicotine, the use of nicotine gum on the morning of surgery may be beneficial. Although it is difficult to prove a direct influence on the incidence of pulmonary aspiration of increased gastric contents, the fact that regular, sugar-free chewing gum increased gastric fluid volumes probably means that it should not be used on the morning of surgery.
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This article provides an overview of the current status of general anesthesia and regional anesthesia techniques including complications occurring after using these techniques. The advantages, disadvantages, mortality, and morbidity are described for these two techniques.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Awareness detection during caesarean section under general anaesthesia using EEG spectrum analysis.
This study examined the relationship between the EEG (spectral edge frequency 90-SEF90) and the occurrence of awareness defined for the purpose of this study as responsiveness to verbal commands. Fifty women undergoing general anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section were examined. Responsiveness to verbal commands was detected every minute in the period from the induction of anaesthesia to the delivery of the newborn using the Tunstall isolated forearm technique and correlated with the SEF90 value. ⋯ The EEG recordings started five minutes before induction and were recorded throughout anaesthesia. The incidence of responsiveness to verbal commands was lower in the ketamine group (24%) where the average SEF90 was 12.0 +/- 3 Hz, than in the thiopentone group (52%), where the average SEF90 was 18.09 +/- 3 Hz (P = 0.01). The results suggest that SEF values of < or = 8.6 Hz were sufficient to avoid responsiveness to verbal commands.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Effects of single-dose oral ranitidine and sodium citrate on gastric pH during and after general anaesthesia.
The effects on gastric pH of the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (R) with 0.3 molar (M) sodium citrate (SC) as an oral effervescent and those of plain SC were studied in 25 patients scheduled for elective surgery. Following induction of general anaesthesia, the gastric contents were evacuated via a nasogastric tube, and a pH electrode was placed in the stomach. Then, eight patients received R 300 mg plus SC dose (Group R300), ten received R 150 mg plus SC dose (Group R150), and seven received 50 ml SC alone (Group SC). ⋯ These values increased to 7.0 (6.2-7.5), 6.9 (6.3-7.3), and 4.9 (1.9-7.3), respectively, at emergence from anaesthesia (P < 0.05 for R300 vs SC and R150 vs SC). Two minutes after administration of R300 and R150, a mean (range) gastric pH of 6.8 (5.8-7.5), and 5.6 (1.2-7.0), respectively, was reached, and remained above 2.5 for 14 hr (P = NS). Plain SC increased the gastric pH within two minutes to a mean of 6.8 (6.7-7.0), and maintained it above 2.5 for six hours (P < 0.05 for R300 vs SC at 8, 10, 12, and 14 hr after induction).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)