Articles: pain-measurement.
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The Oucher and the Poker Chip Tool are two of the most widely used instruments designed to measure children's self-report of pain intensity. Most of the studies dealing with the Oucher and the Poker Chip Tool use North American children as subjects. To establish the versatility of the instruments in patients of various cultural backgrounds and with different types of pain, this study used the Oucher and the Poker Chip Tool with 100 Danish children, age 3 to 15 years, after tonsillectomy. ⋯ Although the Poker Chip Tool only provides five discrete levels of pain, the strong positive relationships between the pain scores derived from the Oucher and the Poker Chip Tool (r = 0.71-0.79, p < .001) indicate its utility in clinical practice. The Oucher uses actual pictures of a child and therefore demonstrates ethnicity directly. The results of this study suggest that Danish children as well as American children are able to use the Oucher as a method to self-report pain intensity.
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To determine the amount of change in pain severity, as measured by a visual analog scale, that constitutes a minimum clinically significant difference. ⋯ The minimum clinically significant change in patient pain severity measured with a 100-mm visual analog scale was 13 mm. Studies of pain experience that report less than a 13-mm change in pain severity, although statistically significant, may have no clinical importance.
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This article reports on a study that examines the influence of task-related factors on nurses' pain assessments and decision regarding interventions. In an experimental design pediatric nurses (n = 202), were exposed to different cases, each case being a combination of a vignette and a videotape. ⋯ The results indicated that pediatric nurses attributed more pain and were more inclined to administer non-narcotic analgesics to children who vocally expressed their pain than to children who were less expressive. Furthermore, the interaction results between the child's expression and the medical diagnosis revealed a trend indicating that nurses attributed the most pain to the child when the diagnosis was severe and the child vocally expressed his pain.