Articles: pain-measurement.
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Int J Clin Exp Hypn · Jan 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLaser-induced pain-related brain potentials and sensory pain ratings in high and low hypnotizable subjects during hypnotic suggestions of relaxation, dissociated imagery, focused analgesia, and placebo.
Pain reports and amplitudes of painful argon laser-induced brain potentials were obtained for 10 high and 10 low hypnotizable volunteers following placebo and a randomized sequence of four hypnotically induced conditions of (a) neutral hypnosis, (b) deep relaxation, (c) pleasant dissociated "out of body" imagery, and (d) focused analgesia of the hand. Both high and low hypnotizable subjects exhibited significant reductions of reported pain during conditions of neutral hypnosis, relaxation, dissociated imagery, and focused analgesia. ⋯ Only the high hypnotizable group showed significant reductions in amplitudes when the data were recalculated to reflect relative changes compared to the average amplitude of the pre- and postconditions to compensate for a possible habituation effect indicated by the significantly lowered amplitudes in the posthypnotic condition. The results are discussed in light of a number of hypotheses concerning mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia.
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The purpose of this study was to assess older adults to determine (a) the course of postoperative pain, (b) influences of pain and analgesics on mental status, and (c) relationships among age, mental status and pain. Sixty adults, aged 50-80 yr, who had total hip replacement surgery were included in this study. All subjects had met a preoperative criterion for mental status. ⋯ Age was not related to pain or mental status. In general, pain was poorly managed in this group of subjects. The results suggest an explanation for acute confusion in older patients after surgery and recommend improved pain management.
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Intensity, sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational quality of pain were assessed over a period of 14 days by means of the Bonn Pain Diary in 16 fibromyalgia (FM) patients and 18 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Additionally, patients reported pain and sleep duration, daily iratations, and pain-reducing interventions. FM patients differed from RA-patients by higher scores in the sensoric-discriminative component of pain. ⋯ Furthermore, the groups differ statistically significantly with respect to interactions of scaled pain with the preferred interventions in order to reduce pain. Conclusions concerning pain-referring cognitions are drawn. In general, the evaluation of self-reports about pain by behavioral parameters is recommended.
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A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 21 questions, diagrams for chief pain location, and a digital pain scale was used prospectively to sort 92 patients with orofacial pain into three categories: (1) musculoligamentous (ie, temporomandibular disorders); (2) neurologically based (ie, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, tension-type headache, cluster headache, and atypical facial pain); and (3) dentoalveolar pain. Sensitivity, specificity, as well as negative and positive predictive values suggest that this questionnaire may be used reliably to identify patients with orofacial pain that fits the above-described pain categories without prior knowledge of the clinical diagnosis. ⋯ Patients with musculoligamentous or dentoalveolar pain selected the lowest digital pain scale values up to 15 times more frequently than those with neurologically based pain. Although this questionnaire may be used for initial categorization of pain, there is still no substitute for a thorough history and clinical examination.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Jan 1994
Assessment of patient satisfaction utilizing the American Pain Society's Quality Assurance Standards on acute and cancer-related pain.
An evaluation of patient satisfaction with pain management is one component of a total quality assurance program on pain management recommended by the American Pain Society. This study utilized the patient satisfaction survey recommended by the Quality Assurance Committee of the American Pain Society and was conducted in an acute care, municipal hospital. ⋯ Data from the survey suggest that while patients experienced moderate-to-severe pain and had to wait relatively long periods of time for pain medications, in most cases they were satisfied with their overall pain management. Recommendations for conducting patient satisfaction surveys of pain management in acute care settings are reviewed, and methods for interpreting data from these types of surveys are discussed.