Articles: pain-measurement.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate S-Caine patch for reducing pain associated with vascular access in children.
A randomized, double-blinded trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the S-Caine Patch (ZARS, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT), a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and tetracaine, for pain relief during venipuncture in children. ⋯ This study demonstrated that a 20-min application of the S-Caine Patch is effective in lessening pain associated with venipuncture procedures. Adverse events after S-Caine Patch application were mild and transient.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Psychophysical outcomes from a randomized pilot study of manual, electro, and sham acupuncture treatment on experimentally induced thermal pain.
In this pilot study comparing the analgesic effects of three acupuncture modes--manual, electro, and placebo (with Streitberger placebo needles)--in a cohort of healthy subjects, we found that verum acupuncture treatment, but not placebo, lowered pain ratings in response to calibrated noxious thermal stimuli. This finding was mainly the result of highly significant analgesia in 5 of the 11 subjects who completed the 5-session study. Of the 5 responders, 2 responded only to electroacupuncture and 3 only to manual acupuncture, suggesting that acupuncture's analgesic effects on experimental pain may be dependent on both subject and mode. We developed a simple quantitative assessment tool, the Subjective Acupuncture Sensation Scale (SASS), comprised of 9 descriptors and an anxiety measure to study the relationship between the deqi sensation induced by acupuncture and the putative therapeutic effects of acupuncture. The SASS results confirm that the deqi sensation is complex, with all subjects rating multiple descriptors during each mode. We found significant correlations of analgesia with SASS ratings of numbness and soreness, but not with ratings of stabbing, throbbing, tingling, burning, heaviness, fullness, or aching. This suggests that attributes of the deqi sensation may be useful clinical indicators of effective treatment. ⋯ The results of this study indicate the existence of both individual subject and acupuncture mode variability in the analgesic effects of acupuncture. This suggests that switching acupuncture mode may be a treatment option for unresponsive patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of the analgesic efficacy and plasma concentrations of high-dose intra-articular and intramuscular morphine for knee arthroscopy.
It is important to provide good postoperative analgesia after discharge from day case surgery. The usefulness of intra-articular morphine for analgesia after day case knee arthroscopy remains controversial. A large dose of morphine intra-articularly may provide a good long-lasting analgesia, but its efficacy and pharmacokinetics are not known and may be no better than intramuscular morphine. We compared the effect of 10 mg intra-articular and intramuscular morphine for 24 h post-injection in a randomized double-blind study. ⋯ A large dose of intra-articular morphine provided better analgesia than the same dose of intramuscular morphine, low plasma morphine levels suggesting a peripheral mechanism.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Healthcare professionals' perceptions of pain in infants at risk for neurological impairment.
To determine whether healthcare professionals perceive the pain of infants differently due to their understanding of that infant's level of risk for neurological impairment. ⋯ Professionals provided with visual information regarding an infants' pain during a procedure did not display the belief that infants' level of risk for neurological impairment affected their pain experience. Professionals' estimates of the effectiveness of a nonpharmacological intervention did differ due to level of risk.
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPostoperative pain assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit.
To compare the convergent validity of two measures of pain (premature infant pain profile (PIPP) and crying, requires oxygen, increased vital signs, expression, and sleepless (CRIES)) in real life postoperative pain assessment in infants. ⋯ PIPP and CRIES are valid measures that correlate with pain for the first 72 hours after surgery in term and preterm infants. Both measures would provide healthcare professionals with an objective measure of a neonatal patient's pain.