Articles: pain-measurement.
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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · Nov 2015
Observational StudyPostoperative Pain Surveys in Italy from 2006 and 2012: (POPSI and POPSI-2).
Despite established standards, effective treatments, and evidence-based guidelines, postoperative pain control in Italy and other parts of the world remains suboptimal. Pain control has been recognized as a fundamental human right. Effective treatments exist to control postsurgical pain. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may prolong the length of hospital stays and may adversely impact outcomes. ⋯ There is considerable room for improvement in postoperative pain control in Italy, specifically in the areas of clinical education, evidence-based treatments, better equipment, and implementation of active APS departments in more hospitals. Two surveys taken six years apart in Italy reveal, with striking similarity, that there are many unmet needs in postoperative pain control and that Italy still falls below European standards for postoperative pain control.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2015
Neuropeptide VF Enhances Cannabinoid Agonist WIN55,212-2-Induced Antinociception in Mice.
Cannabinoids produce analgesia in several pain models, but the undesirable side effects from high doses of cannabinoid drugs limit their clinic use. Our recent results indicate that cannabinoid-induced antinociception was enhanced by neuropeptide VF (NPVF). Here, we investigate whether low-dose cannabinoid agonists combined with NPVF can produce effective antinociception with limited side effects. ⋯ These data suggest that the cannabinoid agonist combined with NPVF produces effective antinociception-lacking tolerance via both cannabinoid receptor type 1 and neuropeptide FF receptors in the brain.