Articles: dexmedetomidine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison between dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in the intensive care unit: patient and clinician perceptions.
The alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine is a new sedative and analgesic agent which is licensed in the USA for post-operative intensive care sedation. We compared dexmedetomidine with propofol in patients requiring sedation in intensive care. Twenty adult patients expected to require a minimum of 8 h artificial ventilation after surgery were randomized to receive sedation with either dexmedetomidine or propofol infusions. ⋯ From the clinician's and patient's perspectives, dexmedetomidine is a safe and acceptable sedative agent for those requiring intensive care. The rate pressure product is reduced in patients receiving dexmedetomidine, which may protect against myocardial ischaemia. Dexmedetomidine reduces the requirement for opioid analgesia.
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Alpha(2) agonists have been in clinical use for decades, primarily in the treatment of hypertension. In recent years, alpha(2) agonists have found wider application, particularly in the fields of anesthesia and pain management. It has been noted that these agents can enhance analgesia provided by traditional analgesics, such as opiates, and may result in opiate-sparing effects. ⋯ The clinical utility of these agents is ever expanding, as they are gaining broader use in neuraxial analgesia, and new applications are continuously under investigation. The alpha(2) agonists that are currently employed in anesthesia and pain management include clonidine, tizanidine, and dexmedetomidine. Moxonidine and radolmidine, which are not currently in clinical use in humans, may offer favorable side-effect profiles when compared with traditional alpha(2) agonists, and may thereby allow for more widespread pain management applications.
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Deut Tierarztl Woch · Oct 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialClinical comparison of preanaesthetic intramuscular medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in domestic sheep.
Medetomidine and its active d-enantiomer, dexmedetomidine, are highly selective alpha-2 agonists with potent sedative, anaesthetic-sparing and analgesic effects. These properties make them an ideal pre-anaesthetic medication for noxious surgical procedures. However, sheep can develop adverse hypoxaemic effects after intravenous alpha-2 agonists. ⋯ The observed differences (heart rates, PaO2) between dexmedetomidine and medetomidine at the chosen dose relationship can be considered clinically not significant. At the chosen dose rates individual animals responded with a transient drop in blood oxygenation, therefore careful monitoring is required. In addition, in compromised sheep medetomidine and dexmedetomidine should be used carefully.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Oct 2001
Case ReportsDexmedetomidine infusion and somatosensory evoked potentials.
Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring requires information on the effects of anesthetic drugs because these drugs can directly alter evoked potentials, thus interfering with monitoring. We report on our evaluation of the effect of the recently introduced alpha2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, on the somatosensory evoked potentials in two patients undergoing cervico-occipital fusion. Our results suggest that, although dexmedetomidine can affect the later cortical peaks of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), consistent and reproducible potentials can be recorded.