Articles: nerve-block.
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Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations during the first 4 hours after castration of 6-week-old lambs by one of four methods were measured. The methods were application of a rubber ring above the testes, application of a ring to shorten the scrotum below the testes, use of a castration clamp plus a ring, and use of a castration clamp alone. The efficacy of local anaesthetic in reducing or abolishing the cortisol responses to castration by all these methods except short scrotum was assessed. ⋯ Local anaesthetic injected into the scrotal neck or spermatic cords did not affect significantly the cortisol response to the IO-second clamp application. The following conclusions were drawn from this work: the testes as well as the scrotum were sources of noxious sensory input after ring application; the clamp plus ring method used here was ineffective in reducing the pain-induced distress (as indicated by cortisol concentrations) caused by ring-only castration; injection of local anaesthetic into the scrotal neck or into the testes prior to ring application blocked most noxious sensory input from both the scrotum and the testes; and on the basis of the present cortisol responses the 10-second clamp applications method could not be recommended in reference to the ring-only method, but the l-second clamp application method might be equally acceptable for castrating 6-week-old-lambs. Of the methods examined, injections of local anaesthetic into the scrotal neck or both testes were the most effective in reducing the pain-induced distress caused by ring-only castration.
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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd · Jun 1997
Case Reports[Endophthalmitis after intra-oral block of the infraorbital nerve].
Most penetrating needle puncture injuries occur in retro- or peribulbar anesthesia. Hereby only a small percentage of patients develop endophthalmitis. Ocular penetration after enoral infraorbital nerve block has not yet been reported in literature. ⋯ Careful anamnesis would have prevented this accidental globe penetration. Right upper palate is absent presumably due to congenital cleft malformation or surgery. This allowed needle penetration through smooth tissue into the right globe. Fortunately, endophthalmitis develops only in a small percentage after needle puncture. We recommend immediate pars-plana-vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics in case of endophthalmitis after ocular penetration.
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The clinical utility of a new parasacral approach for conduction block of the sciatic nerve was investigated, with critical examination of onset, extent, and success rates when this block was used for surgical procedures below the knee. ⋯ The parasacral approach to the sciatic nerve exhibits a high success rate, resulting in anesthesia of the entire sacral plexus and generally in motor block of the obturator nerve was an interesting observation.
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Case Reports
Transient diplopia as a result of block injections. Mandibular and posterior superior alveolar.
Anesthetic "accidents" can and do happen as a result of maxillary and/or mandibular injections. The family practitioner has little or no control now. The anatomical pathways are discussed, but are not clear.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Priming with rocuronium accelerates the onset of neuromuscular blockade.
To investigate the effects of priming rocuronium on the time course of neuromuscular blockade. ⋯ Priming rocuronium decreased the onset times and thus, the intubating times without increasing the clinical duration of action or recovery index.