Articles: nerve-block.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Mar 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAlkalinization of mepivacaine for axillary block.
We examined the onset and distribution of sensory blockade, the onset of motor blockade, and venous mepivacaine concentrations after axillary block with 1.25% mepivacaine with and without bicarbonate. There were no statistically significant differences between the alkalinized and placebo groups with respect to distribution of analgesia or anesthesia, time to onset of analgesia, or time to onset of paresis. ⋯ Concentrations of mepivacaine in venous blood did not differ significantly. We conclude that alkalinized mepivacaine offers the advantage of quicker onset of more profound blockade in several terminal nerve distributions.
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Ann R Coll Surg Engl · Mar 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of bupivacaine instillation and inguinal field block for control of pain after herniorrhaphy.
In a single-blind, randomised trial, 50 consecutive adult patients for inguinal herniorrhaphy under general anaesthesia received either an inguinal field block or bupivacaine instilled into the wound to provide postoperative analgesia. Bupivacaine instillation was found to be simple, safe and effective. The method is particularly appropriate for day-case surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of two approaches to sciatic nerve block.
This study compared the posterior and popliteal fossa approaches for sciatic nerve block. Patients scheduled to undergo foot surgery were allocated randomly into one of two groups: group A (n = 20) received sciatic nerve block via the posterior approach and group B (n = 20) received a block using the popliteal fossa approach. All blocks were performed with the aid of a peripheral nerve stimulator and alkalinised 0.5% bupivacaine with 1 in 200,000 adrenaline was injected in a dose of 2 mg.kg-1. ⋯ There was no significant difference between the groups in respect of time to onset or duration of block. Patients in group B reported less discomfort during performance of the sciatic nerve block but required supplementary nerve blocks more frequently. We recommend the use of the posterior approach for sciatic nerve block.
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Anesth Pain Control Dent · Jan 1992
Comparative StudyIntraoral conduction anesthesia with epinephrine-containing local anesthetics and arterial epinephrine plasma concentration.
Following conduction anesthesia using either lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000, or articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000, the arterial plasma epinephrine concentration was measured. Eighteen healthy young patients scheduled for osteotomy of a mandibular third molar were studied. Each local anesthetic-epinephrine combination was tested in six patients. ⋯ The result was explained by the concentration difference in the local anesthetics. Although the vasodilating action of lidocaine and articaine is almost identical, there will be enhanced vasodilation by the doubled concentration in the case of articaine (4%) and the local resorption of epinephrine may be facilitated. There were no significant changes in the measured cardiovascular parameters.