Articles: nerve-block.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparative study of the percutaneous versus intraoral technique for mental nerve block.
Mental nerve block is frequently used to aid repair of facial lacerations; both percutaneous and intraoral approaches to blocking this nerve are used, but have never been compared. The authors compared the two techniques for pain of administration and effectiveness of anesthesia. ⋯ The intraoral approach to the mental nerve block with adjunctive topical anesthesia was subjectively and objectively less painful than the percutaneous approach without adjunctive anesthesia. While the intraoral approach had a greater efficacy of lower-lip anesthesia and a longer duration of action, these differences were not statistically significant.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of intraoral and percutaneous approaches for infraorbital nerve block.
The infraorbital nerve block is frequently used during repair of facial lacerations; both percutaneous and intraoral approaches are used. The authors compared the two techniques for pain of administration and anesthetic effectiveness. ⋯ The intraoral approach to the infraorbital nerve block after adjunctive topical anesthesia appeared at least as effective in producing upper-lip anesthesia as the percutaneous approach without adjunctive topical anesthesia. Although the volunteers subjectively preferred the intraoral approach and visual-analog pain scores were lower for this approach, these differences did not achieve statistical significance. The intraoral approach was associated with a longer duration of upper-lip anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for bilateral intercostal blockade in healthy male volunteers.
Intercostal blockade produces the highest serum local anesthetic concentrations of all regional anesthetic techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after bilateral intercostal blockade. ⋯ The results of this pharmacokinetic study indicate that 0.25% ropivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine (56 ml, 140 mg) produce peak plasma levels less than those considered toxic when used in bilateral intercostal blockade. Studies of ropivacaine for intercostal blockade in surgical patients are necessary before the optimum concentration for efficacy and anesthetic/analgesic duration is identified.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prophylactic oral ephedrine reduces the incidence of hypotension after subarachnoid block.
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of oral ephedrine in preventing hypotension following subarachnoid block. Two hundred women, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n = 100 each). All patients were given routine oral premedication consisting of diazepam 10 mg and ranitidine 150 mg at bed time and at 90 min before surgery. ⋯ Despite a similar level of block (T3-T4) and i.v. fluids, the total dose of ephedrine supplement in Group I was 4.3 +/- 4.8 mg compared with 11.6 +/- 9.4 mg in Group II (P < 0.01). Also, 55 patients in Group I required intraoperative inotrope supplement compared with 83 in Group II (P < 0.01). We conclude that oral ephedrine premedication is a simple and effective way of reducing the incidence of hypotension in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery under subarachnoid block.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Nov 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[Effects of betamethasone on neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium in continuous infusion].
The aim of the study was to determine a possible interaction between a corticosteroid (betamethasone) and vecuronium, a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant. The authors studied 20 patients, ASA I-II, aged 20-54, both sexes, scheduled for abdominal surgery. ⋯ The recovery rate of vecuronium after stopping infusion at 10% recovery was also evaluated. Corticosteroids may interact with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants both in prejunctional and postjunctional acetylcholine receptors by several mechanisms of action.