Articles: intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output during induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation: thiopentone and propofol compared.
We have investigated the haemodynamic changes in response to induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation in patients who received either thiopentone 5 mg kg-1 or propofol 3 mg kg-1 followed by atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1 and fentanyl 1.5 micrograms kg-1. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.6% enflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen with assisted ventilation. Cardiac output and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously with a transthoracic impedence monitor. ⋯ Both variables increased from preinduction values 1 min after tracheal intubation (P less than 0.001). In contrast, both MAP and SVR decreased after induction in the propofol group (P less than 0.001) and did not differ from preinduction values 1 min after tracheal intubation. MAP and SVR were greater in the thiopentone group compared with the propofol group after induction and tracheal intubation (P less than 0.01).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Intraocular pressure and hemodynamic changes following tracheal intubation in children.
To determine the optimal time in which to make intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in children following tracheal intubation. ⋯ We recommend that IOP be measured only after HR and MAP have returned to preintubation levels in children who have undergone tracheal intubation during halothane and N2O anesthesia.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 1991
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialHemodynamic and catecholamine responses to laryngoscopy with vs. without endotracheal intubation.
To study the relationship between the intensity of the stimulus exerted against the base of the tongue during direct laryngoscopy and the magnitude of associated hemodynamic and catecholamine responses, a study was conducted in 40 ASA I or II patients. Laryngoscopy lasting 40 s was performed with a size 3 Macintosh blade connected to a force-displacement transducer. The intensity of the stimulus exerted during laryngoscopy is expressed by the product of its average force (N) and duration (s) and given as impulse in Ns. ⋯ The mechanisms of the responses to laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation are proposed to be by somato-visceral reflexes. Stimulation of proprioceptors at the base of the tongue during laryngoscopy induces impulse-dependent increases of systemic blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations. Subsequent orotracheal intubation recruits additional receptors that elicit augmented hemodynamic and epinephrine responses as well as some vagal inhibition of the heart.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Effects of clonidine premedication upon hemodynamic changes associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation].
The authors studied 30 patients undergoing general anesthesia in order to evaluate whether oral clonidine premedication could attenuate the hemodynamic changes associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups; clonidine group (n = 15) who received oral clonidine of approximately 5 micrograms.kg-1, or control group (n = 15) who received no clonidine. ⋯ However, no significant difference was noted between the two groups in the heart rate responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. It is concluded that oral clonidine of 5 micrograms.kg-1 as a preanesthetic medication could attenuate the pressor responses associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.