Articles: adolescent.
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Palliative medicine · May 2024
ReviewA scoping review of guidelines and frameworks for advance care planning for adolescents and young adults with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions.
Advance care planning discussions are crucial in the management and support of individuals with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions. Few studies have examined best practices for advance care planning with adolescents and young adults. ⋯ Results highlight the importance of engaging adolescents and young adults in advance care planning and considering their unique needs when initiating and framing these discussions. Our findings can be used by healthcare professionals to inform advance care planning in this group.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Electronic nicotine delivery system use and its relation to waterpipe smoking among youth in seven Arab countries.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use and Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) are reported to be a growing strain of tobacco epidemic among youth in the Arab world. Therefore, we aimed to: (1) estimate the regional prevalence of ENDS use among youth in 7 Arab countries and, (2) to explore the bidirectional relationship between ENDS use and WTS among Arab adolescents. ⋯ WTS was associated with increased odds of ENDS use by >5 folds, and vice versa. Tobacco consumption at age younger than 12 years was associated with higher odds of ENDS use, but less odds of WTS. Females and those who were taught in school the dangers of tobacco were less likely to report ENDS use.
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Racial and ethnic differences in drug testing have been described among adults and newborns. Less is known regarding testing patterns among children and adolescents. We sought to describe the association between race and ethnicity and drug testing at US children's hospitals. We hypothesized that non-Hispanic White children undergo drug testing less often than children from other groups. ⋯ Hospitalized Black children were more likely than White children to undergo drug testing at US children's hospitals, though this varied by diagnosis and hospital. Our results support efforts to better understand and address healthcare disparities, including the contributions of implicit bias and structural racism.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
State laws addressing teen dating violence in US high schools: A difference-in-differences study.
Teen dating violence (TDV) is prevalent with lifelong adverse consequences, and strategies to reduce its burden are needed. Many U.S. states have enacted laws to address TDV in schools, but few studies have examined their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess whether state TDV laws were associated with changes in physical TDV victimization among high school students. ⋯ We found no significant association between enactment of TDV laws and physical TDV among high school students. Further research is needed to understand how TDV laws are implemented and components of TDV laws that may influence effectiveness.
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Pediatric emergency care · May 2024
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Knowledge Among Female Adolescents Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department.
The objective of this study was to assess awareness and use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among female adolescents presenting to a pediatric emergency department (PED). ⋯ Knowledge about LARC remains low in our PED, despite it being the most effective method of contraception. Even when interventions were made to link interested respondents to outpatient women's health services, follow-up attendance was poor, and no patients obtained LARC. There is a significant discrepancy between the consensus standard of contraception care across all relevant medical specialties and current utilization by high-risk populations. Future efforts must focus on how to close this gap, and the ED could be pivotal for improving both reproductive health education and intervention among adolescent patients.