Articles: sepsis.
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Sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although many more patients are surviving the acute event, a substantial number enters a state of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression, rendering them more vulnerable to infections. Modulating the host immune response has been a focus of sepsis research for the past 50 years, yet novel therapies have been few and far between. ⋯ These differences ultimately impact overall immune function and response to treatment. Defining the immune state, or endotype, of an individual is critical to understanding which patients will respond to a particular therapy. In this review, we highlight current approaches to define the immune endotype and propose that these technologies may be used to "prescreen" individuals to determine which therapies are most likely to be beneficial.
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This paper provides an overview of the efficacy of vitamin C for preventing and treating respiratory infections. Studies in a wide variety of animals have shown vitamin C to be protective against infections. In controlled trials in the general human population, vitamin C at a dose greater than 1 g/day did not prevent common colds. ⋯ It is unlikely that vitamin C would reduce the risk of pneumonia in the general population; however, 4 trials reported a treatment benefit for pneumonia patients, although the findings encourage further research rather than providing firm evidence of efficacy. Vitamin C has been tested for efficacy in COVID‑19 and sepsis with conflicting results. Given the evidence that vitamin C reduces the severity and duration of the common cold, paired with its good safety profile and low cost, it is not unreasonable for patients to test whether therapeutic vitamin C supplementation at a dose of 6-8 g/day is beneficial at the individual level.
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Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from pathogen infection and characterized by organ dysfunction. Programmed cell death (PCD) during sepsis has been associated with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), impacting various physiological systems including respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, neurological, hematological, hepatic, and intestinal systems. ⋯ However, recent evidence suggests that sepsis-related opportunistic pathogens can directly induce organ failure by promoting PCD in parenchymal cells of each affected organ. This study provides an overview of PCD in damaged organ and the induction of PCD in host parenchymal cells by opportunistic pathogens, proposing innovative strategies for preventing organ failure in sepsis.
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Jan 2025
Meta AnalysisLactate-enhanced-qSOFA (LqSOFA) score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sepsis is a systemic process that refers to a deregulated immune response of the host against an infectious agent, involving multiple organ dysfunction. It is rapidly progressive and has a dismal prognosis, with high mortality rates. For this reason, it is necessary to have a tool for early recognition of these patients, with the aim of treating them appropriately in a timely manner. ⋯ The LqSOFA score demonstrates a good predictive capacity for in-hospital mortality in septic patients, showing clinically significant levels of sensitivity (69%) and specificity (79%).
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Sepsis and septic shock are common conditions evaluated and managed in the emergency department (ED), and these conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There have been several recent updates in the literature, including guidelines, on the evaluation and diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock. ⋯ There have been several recent updates in the literature including guidelines concerning sepsis and septic shock; an understanding of these updates can assist emergency clinicians and improve the care of these patients.