Articles: opioid.
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Meta Analysis
Use of Medications for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder Among US Medicaid Enrollees in 11 States, 2014-2018.
There is limited information about trends in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) among Medicaid enrollees. ⋯ Among US Medicaid enrollees in 11 states, the prevalence of medication use for treatment of opioid use disorder increased from 2014 through 2018. The pattern in other states requires further research.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prevalence of problematic use of opioids in patients with chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Opioid prescription for chronic noncancer pain is associated with problematic use. We aimed to review and summarize the evidence on the prevalence of problematic use of opioids in adults with chronic noncancer pain and investigate whether the prevalence rates were changing over time. ⋯ Our study presents an alarming estimate regarding the prevalence of problematic use of opioids among patients with noncancer pain. These results deserve special attention from health care professionals and health authorities.
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Meta Analysis
Managing postoperative pain in adult outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing codeine with NSAIDs.
Analgesics that contain codeine are commonly prescribed for postoperative pain, but it is unclear how they compare with nonopioid alternatives. We sought to compare the effectiveness of codeine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for adults who underwent outpatient surgery. ⋯ We found that adult outpatients report better pain scores, better global assessments and fewer adverse effects when their postoperative pain is treated with NSAIDs than with codeine. Clinicians across all specialties can use this information to improve both pain management and opioid stewardship.
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Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · Jun 2021
Meta AnalysisPrevalence and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
Opioids are a mainstay for pain management after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The prevalence and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after TJA are important to understand to help slow the opioid epidemic. We aim to summarize and evaluate the prevalence and time trend of prolonged opioid use after TJA and pool its risk factors. ⋯ To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis determining the risk factors of prolonged opioid use and characterizing its rate and time trend in TJA. Understanding risk factors for patients with higher potential for prolonged opioids use can be used to implement appropriate management strategies, reduce unsafe opioid prescriptions, and decrease the risk of prolonged opioid use after TJA.
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Opioids, often prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain, may adversely affect cognition. Research has not been synthesized in recent years, during which time academic interest has increased. This study presents meta-analyses on cognitive performance in people taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). ⋯ Opioid therapy for CNCP did not worsen cognitive performance and improved it for some domains. People who take opioids for CNCP may evidence deficits in attention and memory, but this is unlikely to translate to global impairment and likely relates to pain more so than opioids.