Articles: opioid.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Disparities in Emergency Department and Urgent Care Opioid Prescribing Before and After Randomized Clinician Feedback Interventions.
Racial and ethnic minorities receive opioid prescriptions at lower rates and dosages than White patients. Though opioid stewardship interventions can improve or exacerbate these disparities, there is little evidence about these effects. We conducted a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted among 438 clinicians from 21 emergency departments and 27 urgent care clinics. Our objective was to determine whether randomly allocated opioid stewardship clinician feedback interventions that were designed to reduce opioid prescriptions had unintended effects on disparities in prescribing by patient race and ethnicity. ⋯ Combined individual audit and peer comparison feedback was associated with fewer opioid pills per prescription equally by patient race and ethnicity. However, the intervention did not significantly close the baseline disparity in prescribing by race.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Best Practice Alerts Informed by Inpatient Opioid Intake to Reduce Opioid Prescribing After Surgery (PRIOR) - A Cluster Randomized Multiple Crossover Trial.
Overprescription of opioids after surgery remains common. Residual and unnecessarily prescribed opioids can provide a reservoir for nonmedical use. This study therefore tested the hypothesis that a decision-support tool embedded in electronic health records guides clinicians to prescribe fewer opioids at discharge after inpatient surgery. ⋯ A decision-support tool incorporated into electronic medical records did not reduce discharge opioid prescribing for postoperative patients in the context of vigorous opioid education and awareness efforts. Opioid prescribing alerts might yet be valuable in other contexts.(Anesthesiology 2023; 139:186-96).
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Emergency department (ED)-initiated buprenorphine improves outcomes in patients with opioid use disorder; however, adoption varies widely. To reduce variability, we implemented a nurse-driven triage screening question in the electronic health record to identify patients with opioid use disorder, followed by targeted electronic health record prompts to measure withdrawal and guide next steps in management, including initiation of treatment. Our objective was to assess the impact of screening implementation in 3 urban, academic EDs. ⋯ An ED triage screening and treatment protocol led to increased assessment and treatment of opioid use disorder. Protocols designed to make screening and treatment the default practice have promise in increasing the implementation of evidence-based treatment ED opioid use disorder care.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Personalized Risk Communication and Opioid Prescribing In Association With Non-Prescribed Opioid Use: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
To determine the impact of personalized risk communication and opioid prescribing on nonprescribed opioid use, we conducted a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial participants followed prospectively for 90 days after an emergency department (ED) visit for acute back or kidney stone pain. ⋯ Among Black but not White participants, personalized opioid risk communication and opioid prescribing were associated with lower odds of nonprescribed opioid use. Our findings suggest that racial disparities in opioid prescribing-which have been previously described within the context of this trial-may paradoxically increase nonprescribed opioid use. Personalized risk communication may effectively reduce nonprescribed opioid use, and future research should be designed specifically to explore this possibility in a larger cohort.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2023
Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia Use After Cesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in 729 US Hospitals.
Optimizing analgesia after cesarean delivery is essential to quality of patient recovery. The American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology recommend multimodal analgesia (MMA). However, little is known about clinical implementation of these guidelines after cesarean delivery under general anesthesia (GA). We performed this study to describe the use of MMA after cesarean delivery under GA in the United States and determine factors associated with use of MMA, variation in analgesia practice across hospitals, and trends in MMA use over time. ⋯ Variation in osMMA utilization was observed after cesarean delivery under GA in this cohort of US hospitals. While increasing trends in utilization of osMMA and OosMMA are encouraging, there is need for increased attention to postoperative analgesia practices after GA for cesarean delivery given low percentage of patients receiving osMMA and OosMMA.