Articles: reflex-drug-effects.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Mar 2017
Multicenter StudyPrediction of Opioid Analgesic Efficacy by Measurement of Pupillary Unrest.
Pupillary unrest under ambient light (PUAL) is the fluctuation in pupil diameter in time around a mean value. PUAL is augmented by light and diminished by administration of opioids. We hypothesized that, because pupillary unrest is a marker of opioid effect, low levels of PUAL may be associated with reduced opioid efficacy, as measured by changes in the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores of patients in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). ⋯ We observe that the pretreatment magnitude of PUAL is correlated with the analgesic response to opioid therapy, and that patients who exhibit higher levels of PUAL change after opioid administration have a more beneficial analgesic effect from opioids. Larger studies with uniform measurement protocols are required to confirm these preliminary results.
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Niger Postgrad Med J · Sep 2008
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialPupillary changes among Nigerian adults following the instillation of Garcinia kola nut extracts: multicentric studies.
A multi-centre, open, within-patient controlled study was performed on 106 adult volunteers to investigate the effects of Garcinia kolanut extracts on the pupillary sizes. ⋯ 4% Garcinia kola nut extract drop has a transient miotic effect on human pupils not sustainable for more than 45 minutes.