Articles: gaba-modulators-pharmacology.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Flumazenil expedites recovery from sevoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia when administered to healthy unpremedicated patients.
To investigate the hypothesis that 0.3 mg flumazenil administered to healthy unpremedicated patients at the end of deep surgical sevoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia would expedite recovery. Flumazenil, an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative, antagonizes the hypnotic/sedative effects of benzodiazepines on γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. However, endogenous benzodiazepine ligands (endozepines) were isolated in mammalian tissues of individuals who had not received benzodiazepines. ⋯ Administration of a single dose of 0.3 mg flumazenil to healthy unpremedicated patients at the end of sevoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia results in earlier emergence from anaesthesia and significantly expedites recovery. This could redefine the role of flumazenil in general anaesthesia, implicating endozepine-dependent mechanisms.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dose effects of triazolam on brain activity during episodic memory encoding: a PET study.
Although it is well established that acute benzodiazepine administration impairs episodic memory encoding, little is known about the neuroanatomical substrates of this effect. ⋯ Results are consistent with behavioral evidence that benzodiazepines impair prefrontal control processes as well as contextual memory and episodic binding processes thought to be controlled by the medial temporal lobe. In addition to elucidating the brain mechanisms underlying these benzodiazepine-induced behavioral deficits, results of this study also help validate hypotheses generated in nonpharmacological neuroimaging studies regarding the processes controlled by these brain regions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A double-blind, placebo- and positive-internal-controlled (alprazolam) investigation of the cognitive and psychomotor profile of pregabalin in healthy volunteers.
Pregabalin potently and selectively binds to the alpha(2)-delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels, reducing calcium influx and modulating release of downstream excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate. Pregabalin has demonstrated robust efficacy for several disease states, but its neuropharmacology is still being elucidated. ⋯ Pregabalin did not differ on most assessments from placebo, producing only minor, transient impairment on some objective cognitive and psychomotor measures, suggesting a relatively benign CNS side-effect profile.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of flumazenil on recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children premedicated with oral midazolam before undergoing herniorrhaphy with or without caudal analgesia.
Oral midazolam is frequently used to treat children, but its effect on recovery from anesthesia is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of flumazenil on reversal of midazolam during recovery from sevoflurane-induced anesthesia in children who underwent caudal analgesia compared to those who did not. ⋯ Caudal analgesia and avoiding the use of flumazenil synergistically resulted in the emergence from anesthesia in a less agitated state for children who underwent herniorrhaphy after oral midazolam premedication.
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British dental journal · Mar 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of midazolam and flumazenil on psychomotor function and alertness in human volunteers.
To investigate the effect of midazolam and flumazenil on psychomotor function and alertness in human volunteers. ⋯ An earlier discharge time based on subjective assessment of alertness is not advocated for patients whose intravenous midazolam sedation is reversed with flumazenil.