Articles: anesthesia.
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Aug 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Comparison of the effect of desflurane with isoflurane in patients over 65 years of age: multicenter study].
To compare the effects of desflurane (DES) and isoflurane (ISO) in patients over 65 years of age based on recovery, hemodynamic variables, need for additional drugs and postoperative rates of nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Patients over 65 years of age anesthetized with DES recovered in half the time of patients anesthetized with ISO. DES is a safe anesthetic for elderly patients and may offer clinical advantages.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity is similar during remifentanil/N2O and fentanyl/N2O anesthesia.
Remifentanil, a rapidly metabolized mu-opioid agonist, may offer advantages for neurosurgical procedures in which prolonged anesthetic effects can delay assessment of the patient. This study compared the effects of remifentanilnitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and carbon dioxide reactivity with those of fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia during craniotomy. ⋯ Remifentanil and fentanyl have similar effects on absolute CBF, and cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity is maintained.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of ropivacaine with bupivacaine for paediatric caudal block.
In a double-blind, multicentre study 245 children aged 1-10 yr undergoing elective minor surgery as inpatients were randomly allocated to receive a single caudal extradural injection of 1 ml kg-1 of either 0.25% bupivacaine or 0.2% ropivacaine after induction of light general anaesthesia. The groups were comparable for age, weight, vital signs and duration of surgery. The onset time was similar for ropivacaine and bupivacaine (9.7 vs 10.4 min). ⋯ The mean time to first analgesia in the remainder was 233 min in the bupivacaine group and 271 min in the ropivacaine group. No motor block was measurable in either group. Ropivacaine 2 mg kg-1 was as effective as bupivacaine 2.5 mg kg-1 for caudal analgesia in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Predictability and precision of "target-controlled infusion" (TCI) of propofol with the "Disoprifusor TCI" system].
In Germany a TCI-system for propofol (Disoprifusor-TCI) has been commercially available since spring 1997. We investigated the prediction error and precision of this TCI system as part of a multicentre study. Bias, precision, blood concentrations and dosage of propofol were compared with patients receiving propofol via a manually controlled infusion device. ⋯ With a precision of 27.5% the investigated TCI system (Diprifusor-TCI) showed an acceptable inaccuracy, as for TCI-systems a median prediction error of +/- 30% has to be expected due to the inherent variability of pharmacokinetic parameters. Further studies will be necessary to find out whether the investigated TCI system for propofol may offer substantial advantages.
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Jun 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial[Explicit and implicit memory during inhalation and intravenous anesthesia].
Patients rarely report memory or knowledge of surgery after general anesthesia. During apparently adequate surgical anesthesia, however, information processing of high level functions, such as language comprehension and learning, can continue unconsciously. Our objective is to assess whether different anesthetic techniques (two inhalational and two intravenous) guarantee the absence of both types of memory. ⋯ Explicit memory was absent with all four anesthetic techniques used in our study. Implicit memory was more difficult to inhibit, however, with isoflurane/N2O.