Articles: anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Preanesthetic cimetidine and metoclopramide for acid aspiration prophylaxis in elective surgery.
The effect of preanesthetic cimetidine and metoclopramide on gastric contents in inpatients undergoing elective surgery was studied. One hundred and fifty patients were allocated randomly into six groups with 25 patients in each group. Patients in Group 1 served as control. ⋯ Cimetidine and metoclopramide favorably modified the risk factors in all the experimental groups. This study demonstrated that the three groups receiving cimetidine in the morning (Groups 3, 5, and 6) had significantly greater mean gastric pH than the other groups. Gastric volumes were significantly less in all experimental groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
General anaesthesia for caesarean section in severe pre-eclampsia. Comparison of the renal and hepatic effects of enflurane and halothane.
In a randomized study of patients undergoing Caesarean section, either enflurane (mean 0.24 MAC-h) or halothane (mean 0.23 MAC-h) and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen were administered to women (n = 12) with severe pre-eclampsia-eclampsia and to 16 healthy pregnant patients with normal renal and hepatic function. No evidence of nephrotoxicity was found in any pre-eclamptic or normal patient. ⋯ Postoperative liver function tests showed no important changes from preoperative values, although reductive metabolites of halothane were not measured. In patients with severe pre-eclampsia there appears no contraindication to enflurane or, probably, halothane as volatile supplements during general anaesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Forum. A comparison between the midline and paramedian approaches to the extradural space.
A prospective, randomised study was devised to compare the midline and paramedian approaches to the extradural space in women during labour. The two approaches were equally successful with respect to catheter insertion and analgesia and had a similar incidence of complications, although the paramedian approach caused patients more discomfort. Since only 2 ml of 1% lignocaine with adrenaline were infiltrated prior to insertion of the Tuohy needle, a greater volume of the local anaesthetic may reduce the discomfort of using the paramedian approach.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Plasma catecholamine concentrations. The effects of infiltration with local analgesics and vasoconstrictors during nasal operations.
Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in 19 patients allocated randomly to receive submucous infiltration with 4 ml of either 0.5% lignocaine with adrenaline 1:200 000 or prilocaine 0.5% with octapressin 0.03 iu per ml. Venous blood samples were obtained before and at 2, 5, and 10 minutes following infiltration. Plasma adrenaline increased from 0.35 to 1.72 p mol/ml at 2 minutes infiltration with the former solution whilst there was little change in plasma noradrenaline concentration. No similar peak in adrenaline concentration occurred after infiltration with prilocaine/ octapressin solutions but with both solutions there was a small increase in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations 10 minutes after infiltration, at the time of surgical stimulation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of ketamine anaesthesia on the metabolic response to pelvic surgery.
The effects of ketamine anaesthesia on the metabolic and endocrine response to pelvic surgery were investigated, and compared with results obtained in a control group of patients anaesthetized with thiopentone and halothane. Ketamine anaesthesia before the onset of surgery was associated with a significant increase in blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations, and in heart rate. However, when surgery was established there were no metabolic, endocrine or haemodynamic differences between ketamine and halothane anaesthesia. We conclude that ketamine does not exacerbate the metabolic response to surgery.