Articles: subarachnoid-hemorrhage.
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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability, disrupted tight junctions, and increased cerebral edema. Sulfonylureas are associated with reduced tight-junction disturbance and edema and improved functional outcome in aSAH animal models, but human data are scant. We analyzed neurological outcomes in aSAH patients prescribed sulfonylureas for diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Diabetes was strongly associated with unfavorable neurologic outcomes. An unfavorable outcome in this cohort was mitigated by sulfonylureas, supporting some preclinical evidence of a possible neuroprotective role for these medications in aSAH. These results warrant further study on dose, timing, and duration of administration in humans.
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We tried to broaden our knowledge of the possible role of wall shear stress (WSS) in the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). ⋯ The current study provided evidence that WSS reduction could activate Ang II, reduce miR-29 expression, and activate the TGFBR2/Smad3 axis, thus promoting EndMT and accelerating the progression of IAs.
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Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are potential treatment targets for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and previous studies revealed that their depletion by clodronate (CLD) improved outcomes after experimental SAH. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether reducing PVMs by CLD pretreatment improves SAH prognosis by inhibiting posthemorrhagic impairment of cerebral blood flow (CBF). ⋯ Our study proposes that pretreatment with CLD-targeting PVMs can improve the prognosis of severe SAH through a candidate mechanism of inhibition of posthemorrhagic CBF reduction.
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Because of the risk of intraoperative rupture and technical difficulties, coil embolization of very small aneurysms (VSIAs) with a diameter of ≤3 mm is challenging. Herein, we reviewed our treatment strategies and outcomes in performing coil embolization for VSIAs compared to those for larger sized intracranial aneurysms (IAs) with 4 to 4.5 mm. We retrospectively reviewed the data on ruptured and unruptured VSIAs and larger-sized IAs treated with coiling from January 2012 to June 2021. ⋯ When compared with larger IAs (n = 57), there were no significant differences in treatment outcomes, procedural complications, and clinical outcomes. VSIAs ≤ 3 mm in diameter were successfully treated with coil embolization, with reasonable procedure-related complications and treatment outcomes. The safety and efficacy of coil embolization for VSIAs were comparable to those of 4 to 4.5 mm sized IAs in this single-center cohort.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jul 2023
The Effect of Oral Nimodipine on Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients Suffering Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Nimodipine is routinely administered to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients to improve functional outcomes. Nimodipine can induce marked systemic hypotension, which might impair cerebral perfusion and brain metabolism. ⋯ Oral nimodipine reduced MAP, which translated into a reduction in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. However, these changes are unlikely to be clinically relevant, as the absolute changes were minimal and did not impact cerebral metabolism.