Articles: mortality.
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In 2023, published research on COVID-19 remains prominent. The aim of this article is to highlight important developments in infectious disease evidence unrelated to COVID-19 that were published in 2023. The literature was screened for sound new evidence relevant to internal medicine specialists and subspecialists whose focus of practice is not infectious diseases. ⋯ Several articles address the management of sepsis and bacteremia: comparison of cefepime versus piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftobiprole for the treatment of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, and early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. Another article examines differences in all-cause mortality in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection who receive different treatments. Additional articles provide evidence about the treatment of patients with HIV infection: the utility of preexposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection, the efficacy of pitavastatin in reducing cardiovascular disease, and the efficacy of dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in persons with HIV.
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Obesity is a common condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, weight loss treatment can reduce obesity-related complications. This review summarizes the evidence-based strategies physicians can employ to identify, prevent, and treat obesity, including best practices to diagnose and counsel patients, to assess and address the burden of weight-related disease including weight stigma, to address secondary causes of weight gain, and to help patients set individualized and realistic weight loss goals and an effective treatment plan. Effective treatments include lifestyle modification and adjunctive therapies such as antiobesity medications and metabolic and bariatric surgery.
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Spine tumors, both primary and metastatic, impose significant morbidity and mortality on patients and physicians. Patient-reported outcomes are valuable tools to assess a patient's impression of their health status and enhance communication between physicians and patients. Various spine generic patient-reported outcome tools have traditionally been used but have not been validated in the spine tumor patient population. ⋯ Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, which has recently been developed, employs computerized adaptive testing to assess multiple health domains. It has been shown to capture information in both generic and specific questionnaires and has the potential to be used as a universal tool in the spine oncology patient population. Further long-term studies, as well as, cross-cultural adaptations, are needed to validate Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's applicability and effectiveness.
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Review
Recognising and responding to physical and mental health issues in neurodivergent girls and women.
People experience life and interact with others in many ways. The term 'neurodivergence' refers to variations from what is considered typical. ⋯ This review highlights the huge burden of cooccurring conditions carried by neurodivergent women and girls whose medical issues have largely gone under the radar. We suggest how clinicians might increase their awareness of diagnosis and management of their problems with mutual benefit.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Apr 2024
ReviewAlcohol, health loss and mortality: can wine really save the good name of moderate alcohol consumption?
It is estimated that one‑third of the world's population consumes alcohol. At the same time, it is well‑known that excessive alcohol consumption in one of the leading causes of premature mortality. The history of production of alcoholic beverages, especially wine, dates back as long as 8000 years. ⋯ Wine, together with abundance of plant‑based foods, olive oil, and fish, is an important part of the Mediterranean diet. There are both observational and randomized studies documenting a wide spectrum of health‑promoting effects of such a diet, especially a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. People who want to drink alcohol should be advised to limit their consumption to a minimum, and should consider choosing red wine.