Articles: dementia.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA randomised trial of high and low pressure level settings on an adjustable ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: results of the Dutch evaluation programme Strata shunt (DEPSS) trial.
In treating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) with a shunt there is always a risk of underdrainage or overdrainage. The hypothesis is tested whether patients treated using an adjustable valve preset at the highest opening pressure leads to comparable good clinical results with less subdural effusions than in a control group with an opening pressure preset at a low pressure level. ⋯ On the basis of this multicentre prospective randomised trial it is to be recommended to treat patients with INPH with a shunt with an adjustable valve, preset at the highest opening pressure and lowered until clinical improvement or radiological signs of overdrainage occur although slower improvement and more shunt adjustments might be the consequence.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Daytime observed emotional expressions of people with dementia.
Emotional expression among people with dementia (PWD) may inform person-centered approaches to care and improvements in dementia-related quality of life. ⋯ PWD showed a broad range of emotional expression and significant within-person variation in daytime positive and negative emotional expressions. Observed emotional display is a promising measure of psychological well-being among PWD that, if more fully understood, could guide care approaches to improve quality of life.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a population based CAIDE study.
Previous research indicates that persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma may have more cognitive impairment compared to persons without these diseases. However, there are no previous studies regarding long-term effects of these diseases on the risk of clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We examined the association between midlife and late-life self-reported COPD and asthma and the lifelong risk of cognitive impairment (MCI/dementia) in a population-based study with a follow-up of over 25 years. ⋯ In this population-based study, with more than 25 years of follow-up, midlife COPD and asthma were associated with an almost two-fold risk of MCI and dementia later in life. Pulmonary diseases diagnosed later in life seemed to have an inverse relationship with cognitive impairment probably reflecting survival bias.
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JAMA internal medicine · May 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) trial: a randomized controlled trial to enhance cognitive function in older adults.
The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia are projected to rise dramatically during the next 40 years, and strategies for maintaining cognitive function with age are critically needed. Physical or mental activity alone result in relatively small, domain-specific improvements in cognitive function in older adults; combined interventions may have more global effects. ⋯ In inactive older adults with cognitive complaints, 12 weeks of physical plus mental activity was associated with significant improvements in global cognitive function with no evidence of difference between intervention and active control groups. These findings may reflect practice effects or may suggest that the amount of activity is more important than the type in this subject population.
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J Nutr Health Aging · Apr 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialMalnutrition in community-dwelling adults with dementia (NutriAlz Trial).
The objective of this study is to assess the nutritional status, measured by the MNA, in community-dwelling elderly individuals with dementia and to identify clinical risk factors for nutritional risk or malnutrition. ⋯ These results will allow a better understanding of the clinical stage previous to malnutrition. An adequate diagnosis and treatment of identified modifiable factors like functional impairment, eating behaviours and depression could delay or avoid malnutrition.