Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Does oral rehydration therapy alter food consumption and absorption of nutrients in children with cholera?
In order to estimate consumption of food and absorption of nutrients, a metabolic balance study was conducted in 47 children between 1 and 5 years old, suffering from acute cholera. Twenty-two of the children were treated by intravenous solution (IV) only and 25 others by oral rehydration along with intravenous solution (ORS/IV) when necessary. After initial rehydration a nonabsorbable charcoal marker was fed to the patients followed by a typical Bangladeshi home food of known composition offered ad libitum. ⋯ Absorption of nitrogen was significantly lower in the ORS/IV group, but absorption of fat was not significantly impaired. Vomiting was significantly higher in the ORS/IV group. The differences in the consumption and absorption of nutrients between the two groups were transient and came to the same level within 2 weeks after recovery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery in preschool children.
The incidence of nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery was studied in 64 children aged one to six years. Incidence was determined in the post-anaesthesia recovery room (PARR), in the same day surgery (SDS) unit, and at home on days one and two after the operation. ⋯ Droperidol slightly but significantly delayed awakening and was not, at least in this particular age group, associated with any difference in postoperative sickness. Despite theoretical advantages, glycopyrrolate offered no significant benefit over atropine as far as postoperative emesis was concerned.
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Prevalence and correlates of posttreatment and anticipatory nausea and vomiting (NV) were examined in 149 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at four treatment centres. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that posttreatment NV was associated with treatment centre, diagnosis, drug toxicity, and frequency of antiemetic premedication. ⋯ Variables showing significant unique effects included age, treatment centre, posttreatment NV and the age by posttreatment NV interaction. Results suggest the importance of examining environmental, psychosocial, and treatment-related variables that may differentiate treatment centres and strongly support the role of classical conditioning in the development of anticipatory NV.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
[Transdermal scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting].
Parenteral scopolamine lost its significance for premedication because of severe side effects, at least in German speaking countries. The drug is now available as a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS-Scopolamine) which provides constant low plasma concentrations for three days, high enough to act as an antiemetic but low enough to be free from severe side effects. In a double blind study against TTS-Placebo TTS-Scopolamine was investigated in 40 patients, undergoing minor gynecological surgery. ⋯ There were no severe side effects. TTS-scopolamine can be recommended as an antiemetic for premedication, especially when benzodiazepines are used for the relief of anxiety. It should be administered on the evening before and can be removed one or two days after surgery.