• Vicente Sanchis-Alfonso, Cristina Ramírez-Fuentes, María Beser-Robles, Alejandro Roselló-Añón, Caterina Chiappe, Luis Martí-Bonmatí, and Julio Doménech-Fernández.
• Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, C/ San Clemente 12, 46015, Valencia, Spain. vicente.sanchis.alfonso@gmail.com.
• Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024 Jan 1; 144 (1): 515751-57.

IntroductionIncreased femoral anteversion (FAV) can have many clinical manifestations, including anterior knee pain (AKP). To our knowledge, no studies have measured the location of FAV in a cohort of female AKP patients. The objective of this research is to determine whether the increased FAV in AKP females originates above the lesser trochanter, below the lesser trochanter or at both levels.Materials And MethodsThrity-seven consecutive AKP female patients (n = 66 femurs) were recruited prospectively. There were 17 patients (n = 26 femurs; mean age of 28 years) in whom the suspicion for the increased FAV of the femur was based on the clinical examination (pathological group-PG). The control group (CG) consisted of 20 patients (n = 40 femurs; mean age of 29 years) in whom there was no increased FAV from the clinical standpoint. All of them underwent a torsional computed tomography of the lower limbs. FAV was measured according to Murphy´s method. A segmental analysis of FAV was performed using the lesser trochanter as a landmark.ResultsSignificant differences in the total FAV (18.7 ± 5.52 vs. 42.46 ± 6.33; p < 0.001), the neck version (54.88 ± 9.64 vs. 64.27 ± 11.25; p = 0.0006) and the diaphysis version (- 36.17 ± 8.93 vs. - 21.81 ± 11.73; p < 0.001) were observed between the CG and the PG. The difference in the diaphyseal angle between CG and PG accounts for 60% of the total difference between healthy and pathological groups, while the difference between both groups in the angle of the neck accounts for 40%.ConclusionIn chronic AKP female patients with increased FAV, the two segments of the femur contribute to the total FAV, with a different pattern among patients and controls, being the compensation mechanism of the diaphysis much lower in the pathological femurs than in the controls.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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