• Ana Paula Brigatto Simões Golucci, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Antônio Fernando Ribeiro, and Roberto José Negrão Nogueira.
• Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
• Nutrition. 2018 Nov 1; 55-56: 7-14.

ObjectivesChanges in lipid profiles occur in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), whether due to sepsis or another cause. Hypocholesterolemia associated with hypertriacylglycerolemia can lead to disease severity and higher mortality. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the principal alterations in markers that participate in the alteration of the lipid profile.MethodsWe reviewed articles focused on alterations in the lipid profile in SIRS, sepsis, or both that were indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online from 2000 to 2017. The descriptors used were SIRS; sepsis; lipid profile; and lipoproteins. We focused in particular on the relationships among SIRS, sepsis, and lipid profiles.ResultsWe included 29 studies that discussed decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, and elevated triacylglycerols concentrations in patients with SIRS, sepsis, or both. The variation in the lipid profile was proportional to the level of inflammation as evaluated by inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and tumor necrosis factor. Additionally, there was a change in the composition of lipoproteins, especially HDL, triacylglycerols, and very low-density lipoprotein. HDL appears to be an inflammatory marker, as reduction of its levels reflects the intensity of the underlying inflammatory process.ConclusionCritically ill patients with SIRS, sepsis, or both presented with alterations in lipid metabolism.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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