• Haibo Li, Tao Huang, Pei Xiao, Xiaoyuan Zhao, Junting Liu, Hong Cheng, Hongbo Dong, Howard A Morris, Jie Mi, and China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) Collaboration Group.
• Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
• Nutrition. 2020 Mar 1; 71: 110646.

ObjectivesVitamin D is involved in various physiologic and pathologic processes in the human body. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the association of adiposity indicators with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsThis was a population-based, nationwide, multicenter cross-sectional study involving 10 696 participants (51.2% boys) 6 to 18 y of age. Total body fat mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and measures of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were obtained.ResultsThe adjusted mean of 25(OH)D was 39.3 nmol/L for all participants, 40.7 nmol/L for boys, and 37.9 nmol/L for girls. Of the children, 30% had vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D <30 nmol/L) and 80% had vitamin D insufficiency (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L). The prevalence rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were higher in girls (31%, 83.4%, respectively) than in boys (22.8%, 78.7%, respectively). An L-shape relationship between age and 25(OH)D was observed in all children, with a threshold age of 14 y. Also, there was an inverted U-shaped association of BMI with 25(OH)D, and multivariable linear models shown FMI and FMP were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentrations, particularly in boys (β = -0.86 and -0.83, respectively, all P < 0.05).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency was widespread and its sex-specific association with an excess of body fat in Chinese children and adolescents. The findings indicate that targeted screening and treatment guidelines may be useful.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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