Ugeskrift for laeger
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The duration of immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination is uncertain, but major advances have been made in the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 B- and T-cell protection. In this review, key data from studies of re-infection as well as B- and T-cell immunity after infection and vaccination are presented.
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Control of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will require one or more vaccines. Currently, numerous SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are in either pre-clinical or clinical development. ⋯ In this review we summarise available safety and efficacy data of two RNA based vaccines, two non-replication competent vector-based vaccine, one inactivated whole-virus vaccine, and one subunit. All being either approved or nearing approval.
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Delayed introduction of allergenic foods has failed to prevent the development of food allergy in children. This observation has led to randomised controlled trials of early introduction of allergenic foods. ⋯ Early introduction of peanut in the LEAP and EAT trials and the introduction of cooked egg in PETIT and EAT was safe and significantly reduced challenge-proven peanut and egg allergy. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal age for introduction to different allergenic foods to reduce the prevalence of food allergy.
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In the aftermath of COVID-19, the association between SARS-CoV-2 and chemosensory deficits have been well established. Taste and smell loss have been included in the official lists of symptoms worldwide, as it is a common symptom (and for some patients the only symptom) of COVID-19 as described in this review. Patients with COVID-19 often have combined taste and smell loss, have a milder clinical presentation, and are younger than previous patients with postviral olfactory loss. Patients should start olfactory training early and should be seen by an ear, nose and throat physician if they do not experience improvement of the senses within 12 weeks.
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been suggested as a beneficial treatment for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of CPAP treatment is to improve oxygenation, unload respiratory muscles and possibly delay or avoid intubation. This review describes the physiological rationale behind CPAP therapy for patients with COVID-19 and the clinical experience with CPAP, implemented in a medical ward without prior knowledge of the treatment. CPAP has the potential for reducing the burden on intensive care units if implemented on a medical ward by a multidisciplinary approach.