Medicina clinica
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been traditionally understood as a self-inflicted disease cause by tobacco smoking occurring in individuals older than 50-60 years. This traditional paradigm has changed over the last decade because new scientific evidence showed that there are many genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors associated with reduced lung function, that vary, accumulate, and interact over time (T), even before birth (G×E×T). This new perspective opens novel windows of opportunity for the prevention, early diagnosis, and personalized treatment of COPD. This review presents the evidence that supports this proposal, as well as its practical implications, with particular emphasis on the need that clinical histories in patients with suspected COPD should investigate early life events and that spirometry should be used much more widely as a global health marker.
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Case Reports
Association of blood group A with hospital comorbidity in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
In the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, identifying which risk factors are associated with the most serious forms of the disease is important. Blood group A has been presented in various studies as a poor prognostic factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients with blood group A were associated with more important comorbidities, measured by the Charlson Index, which may explain their worse clinical evolution. ⋯ Group A was independently associated with greater comorbidity, associated with an increase of 0.582 points in the Charlson Index compared to other blood groups. It was also associated with lower hospital mortality.
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There is a debate as to whether sarcopenic obesity leads to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults. ⋯ The association between sarcopenic obesity with IR in young adults was significant, but not with MS. Our findings emphasize the need to become aware of the importance of maintaining lean mass in obese subjects.