Medicina clinica
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Letter Review Case Reports
Central retinal artery occlusion as an onset form of Takayasu's arteritis.
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The Janus kinase (JAK) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. There are a lot of proinflammatory cytokines involved in such diseases using this pathway to transduce intracellular signals. ⋯ Likewise, other jakinibs are in several phases of development. This review analyses the safety and clinical efficacy of the jakinibs, starting with the classics and continuing with next-generation jakinibs.
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There are many useful biomarkers for initial diagnosis and the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Serologic biomarkers have been traditionally used because they are widely disposable, but recently faecal biomarkers, especially faecal calprotectin, have acquired great importance as they have shown to be more precise when establishing suspicion of the disease and also as predictors of mucosal healing or persistence of inflammatory activity. ⋯ Finally, there are many new generation serologic and faecal biomarkers. Despite there not being much evidence about these yet, some of them have shown promising results in different studies.
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Mycobacterium chimaera (M. chimaera) is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium of the Mycobacterium avium complex. Between 2013 and April 2018, more than 140 cases of severe infection have been identified, all of them in patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery with extracorporeal circulation. ⋯ The clinical symptoms can take months, even years to appear after the extracorporeal surgery, with an average of 1.5 years. Sarcoidosis is the most frequently described entity as a misdiagnosis in these patients, so it is necessary to maintain a high diagnostic suspicion in all patients with a history of cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.