Medicina clinica
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To determine the risk for recurrence of venous thromboembolic disease is essential to decide the optimum duration of treatment. Clinical risk factors, elevated D-dimer after anticoagulation withdrawal and the presence of residual deep vein thrombosis should be considered. In this article the risk factors and the reported risk models are reviewed.
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Over the past years, several studies have examined the prevalence of malnutrition. The purpose of the present systematic literature review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the nutritional situation of elderly. Based on a literature research, studies with information about the prevalence of malnutrition published between 1995 and 2011 were considered. ⋯ Prevalence rates of malnutrition were highest in studies with a high proportion of patient who were severely disabled, had hip fracture or swallowing problems. It can be concluded that malnutrition is generally widespread and is highly variable, according to parameters used for nutritional assessment, health related problems or the population under study. Future studies should use standardized nutritional assessment tools in order to improve the prognosis of malnutrition in the elderly and achieve better comparability of study results.
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Over the past years, several studies have examined the prevalence of malnutrition. The purpose of the present systematic literature review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the nutritional situation of elderly. Based on a literature research, studies with information about the prevalence of malnutrition published between 1995 and 2011 were considered. ⋯ Prevalence rates of malnutrition were highest in studies with a high proportion of patient who were severely disabled, had hip fracture or swallowing problems. It can be concluded that malnutrition is generally widespread and is highly variable, according to parameters used for nutritional assessment, health related problems or the population under study. Future studies should use standardized nutritional assessment tools in order to improve the prognosis of malnutrition in the elderly and achieve better comparability of study results.
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Weight loss can improve metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but the results of conventional therapy in this respect have been discouraging. Besides achieving significant and sustained weight loss, bariatric surgery can improve or resolve type 2 diabetes mellitus in the majority of patients. ⋯ Currently, bariatric surgery offers a therapeutic alternative for type 2 diabetes patients with severe obesity and poor metabolic control under conventional therapy. Ongoing research will provide insights regarding the effect of intestinal hormones, new surgery techniques and the possible benefits of bariatric surgery in non-obese patients.