Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2022
MR T2-relaxation time as an indirect measure of brain water content and disease activity in NMOSD.
Since astrocytes at the blood-brain barrier are targeted by neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), this study aims to assess whether patients with NMOSD have a subclinical accumulation of brain water and if it differs according to disease activity. ⋯ In line with the research hypothesis, patients with NMOSD have increased brain T2rt. The magnitude of this alteration might be useful for identifying those patients with active disease.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2022
APOE ɛ4 dose associates with increased brain iron and β-amyloid via blood-brain barrier dysfunction.
To examine the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 dose on blood-brain barrier (BBB) clearance function, evaluated using an advanced MRI technique and analyse its correlation with brain iron and β-amyloid accumulation in the early stages of the Alzheimer's continuum. ⋯ Our results suggest that an increased APOE ɛ4 dose is associated with decreased effective brain-waste clearance, such as iron and β-amyloid, through the BBB.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2022
TEARS: a longitudinal investigation of the prevalence, psychological associations and trajectory of poststroke emotionalism.
There are few longitudinal studies of poststroke emotionalism (PSE) and our understanding of the psychological associations of PSE is limited, constraining assessment of existing interventions and the development of new therapies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and course of PSE over the first year poststroke, and its psychological associations. ⋯ PSE affects at least one in five stroke patients acutely following their stroke, and continues to affect one in eight longer term. PSE is associated with anxiety and event-related distress but is not simply a manifestation of mood disorder over time. Such psychological correlates may have implications for longer term social rehabilitation.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2022
Neurocognitive functioning and symptoms across levels of collision and contact in male high school athletes.
We sought to determine whether male collision sport athletes perform worse on computerised neurocognitive assessments and report higher symptom burdens than athletes in contact (but not collision) sports and athletes in non-contact sports. ⋯ There are minimal observed differences in performance on neurocognitive assessments between collision sport, contact sport and non-contact sport athletes. The repetitive subconcussive head impacts associated with collision sport participation do not appear to negatively affect self-reported symptoms or neurocognitive functioning in current youth athletes.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2022
Serum GFAP differentiates Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia and predicts MCI-to-dementia conversion.
Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but differences between the diseases and time course are unclear. Here, we used serum levels of the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to investigate differences in patients with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-AD and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD). ⋯ Our data indicate a different type of reactive astrogliosis in AD and bvFTD and support serum GFAP as biomarker for differential diagnosis and prediction of MCI-to-dementia conversion.