Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2023
ReviewAxonal degeneration in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: clinical and experimental evidence.
Multiple pathological mechanisms are involved in the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). Recent work has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced axonal degeneration. ⋯ We identify potential clinical markers of axonal dysfunction to provide early identification of toxicity as well as present potential treatment strategies to intervene in axonal degeneration pathways. A greater understanding of axonal degeneration processes in CIPN will provide important information regarding the development and progression of axonal dysfunction more broadly and will hopefully assist in the development of successful interventions for CIPN and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2023
Multicenter Study Controlled Clinical Trial Observational StudyLow protection from breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild disease course in ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis after three mRNA vaccine doses.
Our study investigated the rate of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes in a cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who were treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Ab), ocrelizumab, before first, second and third BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations. To correlate clinical outcomes with the humoral and cellular response. ⋯ The study results demonstrate rates of 59% in breakthrough infections after the third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in ocrelizumab-treated patients with MS, without resulting in critical disease courses. These findings suggest the need for continuous development of prophylactic treatments when proved important in the protection of severe breakthrough infection.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2023
Predictors of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) and similar forms of chronic dizziness precipitated by peripheral vestibular disorders: a systematic review.
The literature on predictors of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) following peripheral vestibular insults has not been systematically reviewed. ⋯ After acute vestibular events, psychological and behavioural responses and brain maladaptation are the most likely predictors of PPPD, rather than the severity of changes on vestibular testing. Age-related brain changes appear to have a smaller role and require further study. Premorbid psychiatric comorbidities, other than dependent personality traits, are not relevant for the development of PPPD.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2023
Diffusion-based structural connectivity patterns of multiple sclerosis phenotypes.
We aimed to describe the severity of the changes in brain diffusion-based connectivity as multiple sclerosis (MS) progresses and the microstructural characteristics of these networks that are associated with distinct MS phenotypes. ⋯ In conclusion, brain connectivity is disrupted in MS and has differential patterns according to the phenotype. Secondary progressive is associated with more widespread changes in connectivity. Additionally, classification tasks can distinguish between MS types, with subcortical connections being the most important factor.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2023
Visual function resists early neurodegeneration in the visual system in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the visual system but dynamics and pathomechanisms over several years especially in primary progressive MS (PPMS) are not fully understood. ⋯ Whereas neurodegeneration in the anterior visual system is already present at onset, visual function is not impaired until a certain turning point. sNfL is not correlated with structural or functional impairment in the visual system.