JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Multicenter Study
Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults.
Dietary composition may affect insulin secretion, and high insulin levels, in turn, may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). ⋯ Fiber consumption predicted insulin levels, weight gain, and other CVD risk factors more strongly than did total or saturated fat consumption. High-fiber diets may protect against obesity and CVD by lowering insulin levels.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
Some observational studies have found an association between television viewing and child and adolescent adiposity. ⋯ Reducing television, videotape, and video game use may be a promising, population-based approach to prevent childhood obesity.
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Recent guidelines for treatment of overweight and obesity include recommendations for risk stratification by disease conditions and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, but the role of physical inactivity is not prominent in these recommendations. ⋯ In this analysis, low cardiorespiratory fitness was a strong and independent predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality and of comparable importance with that of diabetes mellitus and other CVD risk factors.
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Overweight and obesity are increasing dramatically in the United States and most likely contribute substantially to the burden of chronic health conditions. ⋯ Based on these results, more than half of all US adults are considered overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to prevent and treat obesity rather than just its associated comorbidities.
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Recent studies have found that when investigators have financial relationships with pharmaceutical or product manufacturers, they are less likely to criticize the safety or efficacy of these agents. The effects of health economics research on pharmaceutical company revenue make drug investigations potentially vulnerable to this bias. ⋯ Although we did not identify bias in individual studies, these findings indicate that pharmaceutical company sponsorship of economic analyses is associated with reduced likelihood of reporting unfavorable results.