Neuroscience
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The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased as an outcome of the aging population, and effective clinical treatments for such diseases are lacking. Endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction has been identified as a causative factor in various neurological disorders. ⋯ Herein, we focus on the multifaceted nature of IRE1α-XBP1 signaling and provide a detailed overview of the latest findings regarding its biological relevance in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disease pathobiology. Moreover, the possible pharmacological targets in the IRE1α-XBP1 axis are discussed.
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Depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide, yet the mechanisms underlying depression are not fully understood. Vesicle release is essential for synaptic neurotransmission, the abnormalities of vesicle release and synaptic plasticity are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. ⋯ To some extent, depression may be caused by a disruption in the structural and functional connections of the neural circuits underlying emotion regulation. In this review, we summarized the role of abnormalities of vesicle release and synaptic transmission, as well as the related regulatory molecules and signal pathways in the regulation of depression.
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Melatonin (MT) has been reported to control and prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the clinic; however, the effect and mechanism of MT on AD have not been specifically described. Therefore, the main purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect and mechanism of MT on AD models by studying behavioural indicators and pathological features. Seven databases were searched and 583 articles were retrieved. ⋯ Among the pathological features, subgroup analysis found that MT may ease the symptoms of AD mainly by reducing the deposition of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the cortex. In addition, MT exerted a superior effect on ameliorating the learning ability of senescence-related and metabolic AD models, and corrected the memory deficit of the toxin-induced AD model. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021226594).
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Review
The beneficial role of SIRT1 in preventive or therapeutic options of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase that modify the gene expression through histone deacetylation. SIRT1 plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of physiological processes by adjustment multiple mechanisms through the deacetylation of multiple substrates. ⋯ Its basic pathogenesis is filamentous tangles and amyloid deposits, such as Amyloid-β (Aβ), tau protein, α-synuclein, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). This summarizes introduces the structure and function of SIRT1, and then analyzes the protective effects of SIRT1 on neurological diseases by regulating circadian rhythm, aging, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation related pathways.