Neuroscience
-
Review
The beneficial role of SIRT1 in preventive or therapeutic options of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase that modify the gene expression through histone deacetylation. SIRT1 plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of physiological processes by adjustment multiple mechanisms through the deacetylation of multiple substrates. ⋯ Its basic pathogenesis is filamentous tangles and amyloid deposits, such as Amyloid-β (Aβ), tau protein, α-synuclein, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). This summarizes introduces the structure and function of SIRT1, and then analyzes the protective effects of SIRT1 on neurological diseases by regulating circadian rhythm, aging, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation related pathways.
-
The relationship of cognitive reserve and measures of reserve with longitudinal cognitive change and the duration of preclinical, prodromal, and mild Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia remains to be fully characterized. In our study, 660 β-amyloid-positive participants staged with preclinical AD, prodromal AD, and dementia due to AD from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were selected. Cognitive reserve and brain reserve were defined by conventional proxies or the residual method at baseline. ⋯ The estimated time from preclinical to mild AD dementia varied from 15-24 years based on the different reserve groups, and we observed a linear trend for the longest duration in individuals with high cognitive reserve/high brain reserve, followed by those with high cognitive reserve/low brain reserve, low cognitive reserve/high brain reserve, and low cognitive reserve/low brain reserve. This study showed a reduced risk of cognitive decline for individuals with higher level of reserve regardless of methods for measuring reserve. Interindividual differences in reserve may be important for clinical practice and trial design.
-
Everyday creativity is the basic ability of human survival and penetrates every aspect of life. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying everyday creativity was largely unexplored. In this study, seventy-five participants completed the creative behaviour inventory, a tool for assessing creative behaviour in daily life. ⋯ Interestingly, individual differences in everyday creativity were associated with distinct patterns of EEG alpha activity. Specifically, individuals with higher everyday creativity had increased alpha power in the frontal cortex, and increased changes in coherence in frontal-temporal regions of the right hemisphere while performing the AUT. It might indicate that individuals with higher everyday creativity had an enhanced ability to focus on internal information processing and control bottom-up stimuli, as well as better selection of novel semantic information when performing creative ideation tasks.
-
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased as an outcome of the aging population, and effective clinical treatments for such diseases are lacking. Endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction has been identified as a causative factor in various neurological disorders. ⋯ Herein, we focus on the multifaceted nature of IRE1α-XBP1 signaling and provide a detailed overview of the latest findings regarding its biological relevance in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disease pathobiology. Moreover, the possible pharmacological targets in the IRE1α-XBP1 axis are discussed.
-
Depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide, yet the mechanisms underlying depression are not fully understood. Vesicle release is essential for synaptic neurotransmission, the abnormalities of vesicle release and synaptic plasticity are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. ⋯ To some extent, depression may be caused by a disruption in the structural and functional connections of the neural circuits underlying emotion regulation. In this review, we summarized the role of abnormalities of vesicle release and synaptic transmission, as well as the related regulatory molecules and signal pathways in the regulation of depression.